Letter about disturbances in China and secret societies

Resource type
Title
Letter about disturbances in China and secret societies
Abstract
This 1900 diplomatic dispatch, issued by the Portuguese Consulate in Canton (Guangdong) on 12 June, forms part of the official Series A correspondence addressed to the Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in Lisbon. Authored by Consul Joaquim Belchior Cabral Cruz, the document reports on the political and military situation in southern China amid the escalating Boxer Uprising in northern China. While asserting that calm nominally prevails in Canton, the author cautions that this stability is superficial, citing the presence of armed bands in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and the ripple effects of unrest in Beijing since mid-May. The text references troop deployments by the Viceroy of Canton in response to rumours of uprisings in Guangxi, later attributed to local conflicts exploited by pirates. The dispatch also notes the appointment of Littung Han as interim Viceroy—a figure granted the high imperial honour of incorporating the Dragon motif into his robes—suggesting close ties to the imperial family. It further contextualises the anti-foreign activities of the Boxers in the north, their attacks on missionaries and converts, and anticipated foreign military intervention to restore order. Additionally, the consul briefly comments on trade along the Taur Shui River and the strategic implications of port access for Ilha Formosa (Taiwan), though declines to elaborate, acknowledging the matter falls under the jurisdiction of the colonial government there. This document provides critical insight into regional governance, imperial legitimacy, and foreign diplomatic perceptions during a period of intense upheaval in late Qing China.
Date
Junho 1900
Short Title
Letter about disturbances in China and secret societies
Archive
Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros
Loc. in Archive
Caixa 574
Call Number
S16.E24.P12.-87279
Notes

Transcription

Page 1

1900
Consulado em
Cantão
Série A


Page 2

Cantão, 12 de junho de 1900 CONSULADO DE PORTUGAL EM CANTÃO Nº 1 A [UNCLEAR: best interpretation] Senhor Exmo. Sr. Tenho a honra de informar a V.Exa. que na província de Cantão continua a haver sossego, não obstante os graves acontecimentos que têm havido em Pekín e suas proximidades. No dia 30 do mês findo correram aqui boatos de que tinha havido grandes tumultos na província de Guangxi, pelo que foram para ali enviadas tropas pelo Vice-Rei de Cantão, chegando no mes- mo dia. Dizer-se-que aquelles tumultos se relacionavam com os que já havia no Monte da China, pelo que muitos receia- vam que fosse o começo d'uma grande revolução. Preveni imediatamente o Governo de Cantão, do que constava, uns três ou quatro dias. Depois soube-se que os boatos tinham sido exagerados, pois que os tumultos de Guangxi tinham tido por origem questões locais, que a pirataria aproveitou para devastar algumas povoações.


Page 3

piritos que ainda se mantêm. ellas é preciso acrescentar que essa tranquilidade é mais aparente que real, porque a presença de bandos armados que consta aparecem por todo o lado mas, das províncias de Kuang Tung e Kuang Si, e os graves acontecimentos que desde o meado do mês findo têm havido em Pekin, fazem receiar que a ordem pública seja também alterada, mais cedo ou mais tarde, em Cantão. As questões políticas na China têm-se complicado muito nos últimos tempos.


Page 4

o golpe de Estado que tinha por fim a substituição do monarca. E foi para conter as províncias, São Paulo que para aqui veio Littung Han como Vice-Rei interino (que no dia 28 do mês findo foi definitivamente nomeado para este lugar), o qual se há dois meses a esta parte tem recebido as maiores distinções, e entre elas a permissão de usar a figura do Dragão nos ornatos dos vestidos, o que parece lhe dar honras. Se parente da família imperial, que é a maior distinção que na China se pode conferir a um mandarim. Estavam as coisas neste ponto, quando no Norte os "Boxers" (que se dizia faziam parte do partido reformista), começaram a truncar os missionários e os chineses convertidos ao cristianismo, e isto num movimento contra os europeus, a ponto de as potências intervirem pela força armada.


Page 5

que agora está entrando em Pekin, como grande avançada. Os reforços que para ali estão partindo, já que a Inquisição e o seu governo, ou por fraqueza ou por quererem chamar a si o partido reformista, estão dando todo o apoio aos revoltosos. O resto agora é fácil de prever: as Nações não se imporão ao governo chinês para que se restabeleça a ordem e isso é natural que só se consiga com mais ou menos dificuldade, pelo que não se pode falar de parte a ideia de guerra aberta, se bem que todas as probabilidades são a favor da submissão imediata.


Page 6

CANTÃO bordo o cônsul d'aquelle Maçô em Taur shui, Mr. Little que passa por conhecer muito bem aquelle rio e o seu commercio. A abertura d'aquelle porto não será fluira'. Secreto no commercio de ellacan, como não influiria a abertura dos outros no mesmo rio; mas isto é uma questão, que diz respeito, não a mim, mas ao governo de ellacan pelo que me parece que não devo falar no assumpto. Deus Guarde a N.º. Ilmo. Sr. Sr. Ministro e Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Estrangeiros. Joaquim Belchior Cabral Cruz com. uf.

Translation

Page 1

--- TRANSLATED TEXT ---
1900
Consulate at
Canton
Series A


Page 2

Canton, 12 June 1900
PORTUGUESE CONSULATE IN CANTON
No. 1 A [UNCLEAR: best interpretation]

His Excellency Sir,

I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that calm continues to prevail in the province of Canton, despite the serious disturbances occurring in Peking and its surrounding areas. On 30 May last, rumours circulated here that major uprisings had taken place in Guangxi Province, prompting the Viceroy of Canton to dispatch troops thither, who arrived on the same day. It was said that these uprisings were connected with those already occurring in Zhongshan Mountain (Monte da China), leading many to fear that this might mark the beginning of a widespread revolution. I immediately alerted the Canton Government to these developments, which remained a matter of concern for approximately three or four days. Subsequently, it became known that the reports had been exaggerated; the disturbances in Guangxi had in fact originated from local disputes, which pirates then exploited to raid and devastate several settlements.

[End of translation]


Page 3

--- TRANSLATED TEXT ---
spirits that still persist. It must be added, however, that this tranquillity is more apparent than real, given the reported presence of armed bands appearing throughout the region—particularly in the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi—and the serious events that have occurred in Beijing since the middle of last month, which give rise to concern that public order in Canton may also be disturbed, sooner or later. Political affairs in China have become considerably more complex in recent times.


Page 4

--- TRANSLATED TEXT ---
the coup d'état which aimed at the replacement of the monarch. In order to maintain control over the provinces, São Paulo sent Littung Han as interim Viceroy (who was formally appointed to this position on the 28th of last month). For the past two months he has received the highest distinctions, including permission to incorporate the Dragon motif into his official robes—a privilege that confers exceptional honour. This mark of favour suggests he is related to the imperial family, the greatest distinction that can be bestowed upon a mandarin in China. Affairs stood thus when, in the north, the "Boxers" (allegedly affiliated with the reformist faction) began attacking missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity, in a movement directed against Europeans, escalating to such a degree that the foreign powers intervened by military force.


Page 5

--- TRANSLATION ---
which is now advancing into Peking as a major vanguard. Reinforcements are already being dispatched thither, given that the authorities—whether through weakness or in an effort to align themselves with the reformist faction—are providing full support to the insurgents. What follows is now easy to foresee: the foreign Powers will assert their authority over the Chinese government to restore order, and it is natural that this can only be achieved with greater or lesser difficulty. While open warfare cannot yet be ruled out, all probabilities favour immediate submission.


Page 6

--- TRANSLATED TEXT ---
Mr. Little, the consul at that Macau vessel in Taur Shui, is understood to have considerable knowledge of that river and its trade. The opening of that port would not, in itself, constitute a decisive advantage in the commerce of Ilha Formosa (Formosa/Elacan), nor would the opening of other ports along the same river necessarily bring significant change; however, this is a matter pertaining not to me, but to the government of Ilha Formosa (historical Portuguese designation for Taiwan), and therefore I consider it inappropriate for me to comment further on the subject.

May God preserve Your Most Illustrious Excellency, Sir Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

Joaquim Belchior Cabral Cruz
Commander, U.F.

Citation
Letter about disturbances in China and secret societies (Caixa 574). (1900). Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros. http://43.156.68.124/docs/S7PXCKCC/viewer_S7PXCKCC.html