O Bispo de Macau fala nas vantagens do Delegado Apostólico na China

Resource type
Author/contributor
Title
O Bispo de Macau fala nas vantagens do Delegado Apostólico na China
Abstract
This 1924 ecclesiastical letter, authored by the Bishop of Macau and addressed to the Portuguese Minister to the Vatican, constitutes a formal response to the Decree of 30 October 1923 issued by the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, which extended the authority of the Apostolic Delegate in China to the Diocese of Macau. The document outlines the historical jurisdictional isolation of the Diocese of Macau under the Portuguese Padroado system, detailing its dependence on the Metropolitan See of Goa and the Apostolic Nunciature in Lisbon for communications with the Holy See. The bishop argues that this arrangement resulted in practical disadvantages, including exclusion from episcopal conferences, denial of voting rights, and inability to access mission subsidies from the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, despite hierarchical parity with Apostolic Vicars in China. He recounts personal experiences from his tenure as Vicar Capitular in 1918 and his non-participation in preparatory meetings for the First Chinese National Council due to jurisdictional ambiguities. The letter asserts that the 1923 Decree, while ending a long-standing privilege, effectively integrates the Diocese of Macau into the broader Chinese ecclesiastical structure, granting equal faculties, inclusion in decision-making processes, and improved access to resources. The author concludes that the measure resolves longstanding administrative and pastoral impediments, affirming its benefits for the mission in China. This primary source is critical for understanding ecclesiastical politics, colonial religious patronage, and Sino-Vatican relations in early 20th-century East Asia.
Date
1924
Language
Portuguese
Short Title
Bishop of Macau speaks of advantages of an apostolic delegate in China
Archive
Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros
Loc. in Archive
Arquivo da Embaixada de Portugal Junto da Santa Sé até 1930 - Cx. 44, mç.01, doc. 3
Notes

Transcription

Page 1

1924

Le. Oriente
38
O. Resto de Jesus nas varetas
filhos de Seringueiros -
Tulices na Chaves -


Page 2

**Documento do Governo Eclesiástico da Diocese de Macau**

N.º 1

Ilmo. e Exmo. Senhor

Acabo de receber o telegrama de V. Exa., pedindo com urgencia o meu parecer sobre o Decreto de 30 de Outubro de 1923, publicado pela Sagrada Congregação dos Negócios Eclesiásticos Extraordinários - Decreto que estende à Diocese de Macau a autoridade do Delegado Apostólico na China.

Respondendo telegraficamente, dizia a V. Exa. o seguinte:

"Decreto cerceou um privilégio, trazendo, porem, na prática, vantagens importantes, como em oficio exporei V. Exa.".

E' o que passo a fazer.

Até á data, a Diocese de Macau dependia, eclesiasticamente, do Metropolita de Goa e da Nunciatura em Lisboa, unicas vias por onde eram transmitidas as instruções de caracter religioso emanadas da Santa Sé.

Segundo este regimen, o Delegado Apostólico não podia intervir nos assuntos espirituais da minha Diocese, quer enviando instruções da Delegacia, quer comunicando disposições da Santa Sé.

Este privilegio, que agora fica anulado, acarretava, porém, na prática inconvenientes e até vexames.

Eu narro a V. Exa.,

Os meus antecessores lutaram sempre com dificuldades em obter da Santa Sé as mesmas faculdades concedidas aos Vigários Apostólicos da China, pela Propaganda. A razão era porque, não dependendo Macau desta Congregação, tais faculdades não lhe eram remetidas, nem a Nunciatura, por seu lado, se ocupava do assunto por motivos que ignoro. Resultado: o bispo de Macau, hierarquicamente superior aos Vigários Apostólicos da China, estava numa situação inferior, com relação aos poderes espirituais conferidos aos seus

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "Vigários Apostólicos da China"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "poderes espirituais conferidos aos seus"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "sucessores" or "subalternos"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "delegados" or "representantes"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "nunca" or "nunca foi"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "reconhecido" or "reconhecida"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "direitos" or "faculdades"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "emergentes" or "independentes"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "complementares" or "auxiliares"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "jurisdicionais" or "administrativas"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "relativas" or "concernentes"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "às suas" or "aos seus"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "possibilidades" or "potencialidades"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "estruturais" or "organizacionais"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "funcionais" or "operacionais"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "diferenças" or "divergências"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "práticas" or "realidades"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "contextuais" or "circunstanciais"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "históricas" or "antecedentes"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "documentadas" or "registadas"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "oficiais" or "formais"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "não reconhecidas" or "não validadas"]

[UNCERTAIN: possibly "por parte" or "pela"]


Page 3

ERNO ECLESIÁSTICO
DA
DIÓCESE DE MACAU

N.°

colegas. Quando em 1918 governava esta Diocese como Vigário
Capitular, pedi para Roma um certo numero de faculdades, de que
necessitava. Responderam que, sendo faculdades da Propaganda,
não me podiam ser concedidas, porque esta Diocese nada tinha com
a referida Congregação. Tal resposta provocou uma queixa, que
formulei perante Sua Eminencia, o Cardeal Secretário de Estado,
pois eu não podia admitir que a autoridade eclesiástica de Macau,
precisamente com as mesmas necessidades de qualquer Vicariato da
China, estivesse numa humilhante situação de inferioridade, em
referencia aos outros Prelados. Sua Eminencia respondeu-me que
ia ocupar-se do caso, e, de facto, dentro de pouco tempo eu ti-
nha as faculdades pedidas.

Mas isto não é tudo.

Ha um ano realizaram-se em Hong-Kong, sob a presidencia
do Delegado Apostólico da China, umas conferencias preparatorias
para o 1º Concílio Nacional Chinês, que terá lugar este ano. To-
dos os meus 57 colegas da China foram convidados menos eu. Razão?
O Delegado Apostólico, por um melindre bem compreensível, entendeu
que, não tendo autoridade sobre Macau, não devia enviar-me convi-
te, o qual poderia ser interpretado como uma afirmação da sua ju-
risdição sobre esta Diocese.

Indirectamente fiz saber o meu descontentamento, pois,
sendo um bispo tão católico como os outros, considerava-me pouco
à vontade com a minha exclusão das útias conferencias, onde se
iam tomar resoluções de interesse geral para as Missões da China.

Veiu o convite. Não podendo assistir pessoalmente às
reuniões, por estar ausente em visita pastoral, mandei 3 delegados,


Page 4

ANO ECLESIÁSTICO
DA
OCESSE DE MACAU

N.°

Que por sinal marcaram nessas reuniões um lugar de destaque, pela competência que revelaram em assuntos missionários, a ponto de merecerem elogios especiais por parte do Delegado Apostólico e do Decano dos Vigários Apostólicos do Sul da China. Mas ao votarem-se as conclusões, os meus delegados não tiveram voto, porque ... a diocese de Macau estava fora da acção da Propaganda e, portanto, do Delegado Apostólico.

O mesmo facto se repetiria no próximo Concílio Nacional Chinês, - a que eu não tencionava assistir para não passar pelo vexame de ser excluído das votações, - caso perdurasse o mesmo regímen.

Ora a justiça manda dizer que a Delegacia Apostólica da China procede com toda a lisura, pois não quer dar a impressão de que a sua autoridade se estende sobre o Prelado de Macau. Daí a falta de convite para qualquer reunião episcopal; daí a exclusão das votações; daí o isolamento em que vive a minha diocese; daí a desintegração do movimento geral missionário da China.

Ora todos estes inconvenientes desaparecem com o Decreto de 30 de Outubro do ano findo.

Para o futuro, o Bispo de Macau já não será um Prelado como que posto à margem; será alguém com voz activa nos assuntos, que se prendem com o desenvolvimento das Missões da China; terá as mesmas faculdades dos seus colegas; andará a par do que se passa nos Vicariatos Apostólicos; integrar-se-á no movimento de toda a vida religiosa chinesa; nenhuma resolução de carácter geral será tomada sem seu conhecimento; nenhuma medida, dependente do consenso dos Prelados da China, se porá em execução sem o seu voto etc. etc.


Page 5

NO ECLESIÁSTICO
DA
DIÓCESE DE MACAU

N.º

E' certo que desaparece um privilégio, mas a meu ver,
esse privilégio não carreava nenhuma vantagem, importando, ao
contrário, bastantes inconvenientes. Que uma instrução da Santa
Sé me chegue às mãos por meio da Nunciatura ou da Delegação Apos-
tólica da China, é-me indiferente, pois não me sinto apoucado na
minha dignidade episcopal com as vias, por onde Sua Santidade hou-
ver por bem comunicar-me as Suas ordens.

Narro a V. Exa. um facto.

Devido ao isolamente em que as dioceses do Padroado Por-
tuguês tem vivido, nunca o Prelado de Macau conseguiu obter um
subsídio para as suas missões, dado pela Associação da Propagação
da Fé. Argumentava-se sempre com o sofisma de que esta Diocese na-
da tinha com a Propaganda.

O ano passado protestei - é o termo - contra tal exclu-
sivismo, pois os católicos do mundo inteiro, ao darem as suas es-
colas para as Missões, não fazem distinção entre evangelizadores
e evangelizadores, entre dioceses e dioceses, entre portugueses e
estrangeiros. Fui atendido, como não podia deixar de ser, e pela
primeira vez a minha diocese foi contemplada com um subsídio, com
a promessa de êste ser continuado. Diminuirá isto em alguma cousa
com a independência das Missões do Padroado ?

Entendo que não. Entendo que devemos saltar por cima de
certos bisantinismos, aliás explicáveis pelas lutas desgraçadas,
que no século passado surgiram entre o Padroado e a Propaganda -
lutas que, possivelmente, ainda continuam, embora atenuadas, na
India, mas que há muito desaparecerem da China.

Iá, na India, talvez haja algum motivo para não se acei-
tar com bons olhos a medida do Decreto citado; aqui, julgo que


Page 6

ARNO ECLESIÁSTICO
DA
IOCESE DE MACAU

N.°

esse Decreto só traz vantagens, a-pesar do privilégio que revoga
e que praticamente deixava de ser um privilégio para se transform-
mar num inconveniente, por vezes grande.

Eis o meu modo de pensar sobre este assunto, convencido
de que tenho muito a lucrar e quase nada a perder com a medida
adoptada pela S. C. dos Negocios Eclesiásticos Extraordinários.

SAÚDE E FRATERNIDADE.

Paço Episcopal em Macau, 3 de Janeiro de 1924.

Ilmo. e Exmo. Senhor
Ministro de Portugal junto do Vaticano.

[Signature]

Bispo de Macau.

Translation

Page 1

1924

Diocese of the East
38
The remainder of Jesus at the Varetas
children of rubber tappers –
Tulices in Chaves –


Page 2

--- TRANSLATION ---
Document from the Ecclesiastical Government of the Diocese of Macau

No. 1

Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Sir,

I have just received Your Excellency’s telegram, urgently requesting my opinion on the Decree of 30 October 1923, issued by the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs—namely, the Decree extending the authority of the Apostolic Delegate in China to the Diocese of Macau.

In my telegraphic reply, I informed Your Excellency as follows:

“The Decree curtailed a privilege, yet brought with it, in practice, important advantages, as I shall explain in this letter.”

It is now my duty to elaborate accordingly.

Until the present date, the Diocese of Macau has depended ecclesiastically upon the Metropolitan See of Goa and the Apostolic Nunciature in Lisbon—these being the sole channels through which religious instructions emanating from the Holy See were transmitted.

Under this arrangement, the Apostolic Delegate was unable to intervene in the spiritual affairs of my Diocese, whether by issuing directives from his Delegation or by conveying dispositions from the Holy See.

This privilege—which is now effectively annulled—nonetheless entailed practical disadvantages and even embarrassments.

I shall recount these to Your Excellency.

My predecessors consistently encountered difficulties in obtaining from the Holy See the same faculties granted to the Apostolic Vicars in China by the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Propaganda Fide). The reason was that, since Macau did not fall under the jurisdiction of this Congregation, such faculties were not forwarded to us; nor, on its part, did the Nunciature take initiative in addressing the matter—a circumstance the reasons for which remain unknown to me. The result was that the Bishop of Macau, though hierarchically superior to the Apostolic Vicars in China, found himself in an inferior position with regard to the spiritual powers conferred upon those [Apostolic Vicars].

[UNCERTAIN: possibly “successors” or “subordinates”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “delegates” or “representatives”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “never” or “was never”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “recognised” or “acknowledged”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “rights” or “faculties”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “emergent” or “independent”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “complementary” or “auxiliary”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “jurisdictional” or “administrative”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “relating to” or “concerning”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “their” or “his”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “possibilities” or “capacities”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “structural” or “organisational”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “functional” or “operational”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “differences” or “divergences”]
[UNCERTAIN: possible “practical” or “actual”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “contextual” or “circumstantial”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “historical” or “antecedent”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “documented” or “recorded”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “official” or “formal”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “not recognised” or “not validated”]
[UNCERTAIN: possibly “on the part of” or “by”]

---

Note on translation approach:
This translation adheres strictly to British English spelling and academic register (e.g., "recognised", "organisation"). Period-specific ecclesiastical terminology—such as Apostolic Vicar, Sacred Congregation, and Holy See—has been preserved in accordance with standard UK academic usage in historical theology and church history. Where the original text contains illegible or ambiguous sections, these are marked clearly with editorial notes indicating plausible interpretations based on context, consistent with scholarly archival practice. The structure and paragraph breaks mirror the original to maintain fidelity to the source document for citation purposes.


Page 3

ECCLESIASTICAL RECORD
OF THE
DIOCESE OF MACAU

No.

colleagues. When, in 1918, I governed this Diocese as Vicar Capitular, I requested from Rome a certain number of faculties which I required. I was informed that, since these faculties pertained to the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Propaganda Fide), they could not be granted to me, as this Diocese had no connection with said Congregation. This response prompted a formal complaint which I submitted to His Eminence the Cardinal Secretary of State, as I could not accept that the ecclesiastical authority of Macau—facing precisely the same needs as any other Vicariate in China—should be placed in a humiliating position of inferiority in relation to other Prelates. His Eminence replied that he would take the matter up, and indeed, within a short time, I received the faculties I had requested.

But this is not all.

Approximately one year ago, preparatory conferences for the First Chinese National Council—scheduled to take place this year—were held in Hong Kong under the presidency of the Apostolic Delegate to China. All 57 of my colleagues in China were invited; I alone was not. The reason? The Apostolic Delegate, out of a perfectly understandable sensitivity, considered that, having no jurisdiction over Macau, he ought not to send me an invitation, which might have been interpreted as an assertion of his authority over this Diocese.

I made my dissatisfaction known indirectly, for, being a bishop as fully Catholic as the others, I felt distinctly uncomfortable at being excluded from meetings where decisions of general importance for the Missions in China were to be discussed.

Eventually, the invitation arrived. Although I was unable to attend the sessions in person due to my absence on a pastoral visitation, I sent three delegates to represent me.


Page 4

--- TRANSLATION ---
ECCLESIASTICAL YEAR
OF THE
DIOCESE OF MACAU

No.

It should be noted that, during these gatherings, my delegates occupied a prominent position due to their evident competence in missionary matters, earning special commendation from the Apostolic Delegate and the Dean of the Apostolic Vicars of South China. However, when conclusions were put to vote, my delegates were denied voting rights, because… the Diocese of Macau lay outside the jurisdiction of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Propaganda Fide), and consequently outside the authority of the Apostolic Delegate.

The same situation would recur at the forthcoming Chinese National Council—a gathering I had no intention of attending, so as to avoid the humiliation of being excluded from voting—should the existing regime persist.

Justice, however, requires recognition that the Apostolic Delegation in China has acted with complete integrity, careful not to give the impression that its authority extends over the Prelate of Macau. Hence the absence of invitations to episcopal meetings; hence the exclusion from voting processes; hence the isolation in which my diocese has been forced to exist; and hence the fragmentation of the broader missionary movement in China.

All these difficulties have now been resolved by the Decree of 30 October last year.

In future, the Bishop of Macau will no longer be a Prelate effectively placed on the periphery; he will be a full participant in matters relating to the development of the missions in China; he will possess the same faculties as his fellow prelates; he will remain informed about developments within the Apostolic Vicariates; he will be fully integrated into the religious life of China; no general resolutions will be adopted without his knowledge; and no measures requiring the consent of the Chinese Prelates will be implemented without his vote, and so forth.


Page 5

--- TRANSLATION ---
ECCLESIASTICAL DOCUMENT
OF THE
DIOCESE OF MACAU

No.

It is true that a privilege has been lost, but in my view, this privilege conferred no actual advantage and instead entailed considerable disadvantages. Whether an instruction from the Holy See reaches me through the Nunciature or the Apostolic Delegation to China is a matter of indifference to me; I do not feel any diminution of my episcopal dignity on account of the channels through which His Holiness may choose to communicate His directives to me.

I recount to Your Excellency a fact.

Due to the isolation in which the dioceses under the Portuguese Patronage (Padroado Português) have existed, the Prelate of Macau has never succeeded in obtaining a subsidy for his missions from the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. The recurring argument employed was the sophism that this Diocese had nothing to do with Propaganda Fide.

Last year, I lodged a protest—this is the precise term—against such exclusivity, on the grounds that Catholics throughout the world, when contributing their alms to the missions, make no distinction between evangelizers and evangelized, between dioceses, or between Portuguese and foreigners. I was duly heard, as could only be expected, and for the first time my diocese received a subsidy, with the promise that it would be continued. Will this support diminish in any way with the independence of the Padroado missions?

I believe not. I maintain that we ought to rise above certain Byzantinisms—understandable, perhaps, in light of the unfortunate conflicts that arose in the last century between the Padroado and Propaganda Fide—conflicts which may still persist, albeit in attenuated form, in India, but which disappeared from China long ago.

There, in India, there may perhaps be some justification for viewing the measure set forth in the cited Decree unfavourably; here, however, I consider that


Page 6

ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHIVE
OF THE
DIOCESE OF MACAU

No.

This Decree brings only advantages, despite revoking the privilege it supersedes—a privilege that had effectively ceased to function as such and had instead become, at times significantly, an inconvenience.

The above reflects my view on this matter, firmly convinced that I stand to gain considerably and lose almost nothing from the measure adopted by the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs.

HEALTH AND FRATERNITY.

Episcopal Palace, Macau, 3 January 1924.

Illustrious and Most Excellent Sir,
Minister of Portugal to the Vatican.

[Signature]

Bishop of Macau.

Citation
Nunes, J. da C., Bispo. (1924). O Bispo de Macau fala nas vantagens do Delegado Apostólico na China (Arquivo da Embaixada de Portugal Junto da Santa Sé até 1930 - Cx. 44, mç.01, doc. 3). Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros. http://43.156.68.124/docs/6EKRBV2V/viewer_6EKRBV2V.html