Carta do Bispo de Nanquim, D. Alexandre Cícero, a [D. Pedro II], rei de Portugal, sobre os religiosos da China e sobre a questão dos ritos sínicos.

Resource type
Author/contributor
Title
Carta do Bispo de Nanquim, D. Alexandre Cícero, a [D. Pedro II], rei de Portugal, sobre os religiosos da China e sobre a questão dos ritos sínicos.
Abstract
This is a handwritten ecclesiastical letter dated 4th September 1702, addressed to D. Pedro II, King of Portugal, from Alexandre Cícero, Bishop of Nankim, and written in Portuguese colonial script. The document originates from Nankim (likely Nanquim or a variant spelling of a South or East Asian mission station) and forms part of the Portuguese overseas ecclesiastical archive. It discusses the ongoing Chinese Rites controversy, referencing deliberations in Rome and the consultation of missionaries from China regarding the compatibility of Confucian ancestral practices with Catholic doctrine. The author expresses relief that longstanding missionary efforts in China are being distinguished from the actions of disruptive vicars, and conveys hope for a favourable papal decision under the new Supreme Pontiff. The letter also acknowledges royal intervention in securing the provision of the author’s ecclesiastical stipend (*congrua*) through the Viceroy of India, for which gratitude is expressed. Marginalia include an illegible annotation possibly indicating "Humble Chaplain" and the initials "MAOZ". Official stamps from the National Library’s Ultramarine Section appear on the page, confirming archival provenance. The signature, "Alexandre Cícero, Bishop of Nankim", authenticates the document. This primary source offers critical insight into 18th-century Catholic missionary politics, Lusophone imperial patronage, and the intersection of colonial administration and religious authority in Asia.
Type
Carta
Date
1702/09/26
Archive
Portugal. Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino
Loc. in Archive
Conselho Ultramarino, 062 (Macau). Box 2, doc.32
Extra
AHU-Arquivo Historico Ultramarino Volume 1 - 106
Notes

Transcription

Page 1

[Page 1]

[Texto Principal]
Foy-me entregue a carta que V. Mag. fez merecer mandarme escrever de Salvaterra aos 11. de Março, a recebi aos 4. de Setembro de 1702, tendo não só com todo o devido respeito, mas também com o grande contentamento, que me causa ver que não merecendo tanta honra, sou todos os anos lembrado de V. Mag. com cartas de tantos louvores quais eu nunca podia merecer; Entre as demais M.ª me faz V. Mag. apresente de mandar ao V. Rey da India tenha cuidado sobre a congrua da minha. Sustentacam, deste mesmo mandado me fizeram cuiso os Governadores daquelle estado, e obedecer-se à Real vontade de V. Mag. não sentir eu mais a falta passada: dou muitas vezes as devidas graças desta particular m.ª efervem sempre got não ser ingrato a tantos benefícios.
Na China não tenho de novo que manter a V. Mag.º: este anno está esta missão mais quieta; e como em Poma se tomou tempo para se examinar mais de Vagar o ponto ou pontos das Controversias Sínicas, querendo-lá ouvir o parecer dos Irmãos da China, já aqui não há tanto receio que por causa de algum ou alguns Vigários perturbadores da Christandade sejam condemnados os Padres Missionários antigos, que nunca tinham diante dos olhos outras mercâncias, ou interesses maiores do que a Salvacão das almas deste Reyno. Com abla nova da conservacão do Cadavado de V. Mag.º espero virá também a decidi-lam favorável da causa dos Ritos Sínicos que está aovocada. a Roma, o novo Sumo Pontífice que conhece tanto o M.º Zelo de V. Mag.º saberá brevemente fazer a justiça guardada para os tempos. E no anno passado, D. neste presente escrevo de maneira a Roma, que tendo o Sumo Pontífice a noticia das minhas informações sepoderá mover também a aquiescer estes termos em forma que aqui só se trate do Serviço de D., por amor desqual V. Mag.º se descula tanto: Se uir algú causas de novo, ofavrei na mocam seguinte presente al. M.ª cula Real Pessoa. De D. Nankim. Do. de Setembro de 1702. De V. Mag.

[Anotações marginais]
[No topo, à direita]: MAOZ
[No centro, à esquerda]: [UNCLEAR: best interpretation] (possibly "HUMILDE CAPPELLÃO" or similar, but illegible due to fading and overlapping ink)

[Carimbos]
[No lado esquerdo, acima da linha principal]: SELLO DA BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL — SEÇÃO ULTRAMARINA (círculo com texto legível, contornando um brasão)
[No fundo, abaixo da assinatura]: SELLO DA BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL — SEÇÃO ULTRAMARINA (círculo parcialmente visível, com texto ilegível devido à sobreposição da assinatura)

[Assinaturas]
[Na parte inferior, abaixo do texto principal]: Humilde Capellaõ
[Na parte inferior, abaixo do nome anterior]: Alexandre Cícero Bispo de Nankim

[Referências arquivísticas]
[Não visível na imagem fornecida.]

[Nota de validação contextual]
[SUSPECTED_HALLUCINATION] — The document is dated 1702, but the title references "D. Pedro II, rei de Portugal". D. Pedro II was born in 1831 and became king in 1834 — this is anachronistic for a document from 1702. The letter must be addressed to a Portuguese monarch of that period, likely D. João V (reigned 1706–1750) or D. José I (reigned 1750–1777), or possibly D. Pedro III (reigned 1777–1786). The reference to "D. Pedro II" is therefore inconsistent with the 18th-century context and should be flagged. However, since the transcription must preserve the visible text verbatim, it is transcribed as written, but marked as suspected hallucination per instructions.

[Observações adicionais]
- The document is handwritten in Portuguese, using a 18th-century script.
- The paper shows signs of age, including discoloration, creases, and some ink smudging.
- The signature at the bottom appears to be "Alexandre Cícero Bispo de Nankim," which aligns with the author mentioned in the title.
- The reference to "China" and "Macau" is consistent with the geographic context provided.
- The phrase "Ritos Sínicos" refers to Chinese rites, a significant topic in 18th-century Portuguese colonial missionary policy.
- The mention of "Sátuatera" may be a misreading or variant spelling of "Sátuatera" or another location; however, it is transcribed as seen.


Page 2

11 de Fevereiro

Do Conselho Ultramarino

Sobre o que escreve o Padre Dom Alexandre
Sisiro [Cícero] Bispo de Nanquim


Page 3

[Page 1]

[Texto Principal]
Como parece o feito mandado
Jenar 6º. 12 de M. S. C. 1707.

Enviou-me os Conselhos a Casa incluída do
Reino de Náquim, em que da Conta da O.Mag.
de havia Escrito a Roma sobre a defesa da Lua
da doutrina Sínica mostrando ajuda e que
ha para se tomar nesta matéria às misérias da
China huma determinada muy favorável ao
gadouado Real desta fórmula.

Damus fazella presente a O.Mag., egued
que Delados he falecido, mas supondo a Con
sa que dava, que O.Mag. seja Tiruido de com
comindas ao posto agente que a este nalma
de Roma onde este negocio comb sa abon doli
genua, Gomenlando de Manira que Se comeiga
Combom Sujeito LXVII. de Francisco del dor.

[Assinaturas]
Pondedasthur
Cand Batelchwaft
D. António Barros

Marcelhiney de Magda
Gregório Stalblyop
Can Ponsas Coff

[Carimbos]
No topo, à direita: [Selo circular azul-escuro com inscrição legível: "ARQUIVO NACIONAL DA HISTÓRIA - SEÇÃO ULTRAMARINA"]
No centro, à esquerda: [Selo circular preto com inscrição ilegível; apenas o contorno e o texto central são visíveis, mas não é possível transcrever com certeza.]

[Anotações marginais]
Nenhuma anotação marginal visível no documento.

[Referências arquivísticas]
Não há referências arquivísticas visíveis no documento.

[SUSPECTED_HALLUCINATION]
O documento menciona "M.S.C. 1707" como data, mas o título indica o ano 1702. Este desvio temporal é considerado uma suspeita de hallucinação, pois o contexto histórico estabelece o documento como datado de 1702. A data transcrita deve ser verificada contra o contexto histórico fornecido.

[Nota de validação]
A transcrição foi realizada conforme as regras estabelecidas, preservando a originalidade e marcando qualquer incerteza ou inconsistência histórica. Não foram feitas interpretações ou suposições.


Page 4

[Page 1]

[Texto Principal]
[ILLEGIBLE: ~0 chars] — No texto principal visível.

[Anotações marginais]
[No topo, à direita]:
Nanquim — 16 de Set. — 1702
[Unclear: best interpretation] — “Nanquim” (localidade), “16 de Set.” (data) e “1702” (ano) escritos em caligrafia cursiva, alinhados horizontalmente.

[No centro, à direita]:
Do Bispo de Nanquim
S. Adeção da Comunidade
Sinicos que foi aprovada
[Unclear: best interpretation] — Frase parcialmente legível, com início em “Do Bispo de Nanquim”, seguida por “S. Adeção da Comunidade Sinicos que foi aprovada”. O texto apresenta desgaste e fragmentação, especialmente na última linha.

[Carimbos]
[No canto inferior direito]:
[Selo circular, com inscrição ilegível ou parcialmente apagada. A imagem sugere um selo oficial, possivelmente do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU), mas o texto não é legível. Descrição: “(Selo ilegível)”].

[Assinaturas]
[Illegible: ~0 chars] — Nenhuma assinatura visível no documento.

[Referências arquivísticas]
[Superposto ao centro da página, em marca d’água]:
AHU — Sobreposição de marca d’água translúcida, indicando origem do arquivo.

[Número de folha ou identificação interna]
[No centro, ligeiramente abaixo da linha superior da página]:
Nº 45 — Escrito em caligrafia cursiva, possivelmente uma referência interna ou número de ordem da peça.

[SUSPECTED_HALLUCINATION]
— O título do documento especificado no contexto (Carta do Bispo de Nanquim, D. Alexandre Cícero, a [D. Pedro II], rei de Portugal, sobre os religiosos da China e sobre a questão dos ritos sínicos) não está presente no conteúdo visível da imagem.
— Não há menção a “D. Pedro II” (rei de Portugal a partir de 1834) ou qualquer referência ao rei português no texto visível.
— A data “1702” está correta para o período histórico mencionado, mas o conteúdo visual não corresponde ao título descrito.
— A frase “S. Adeção da Comunidade Sinicos que foi aprovada” é incoerente com o título e o contexto histórico (ritos sínicos em Macau no século XVIII).
— Portanto, o conteúdo transcrita não corresponde ao documento descrito no contexto. Este documento parece ser um envelope, capa ou folha de rosto, sem o corpo da carta.

[Nota final]
— A imagem representa apenas a folha externa ou capa de um documento, não o texto principal da carta.
— O conteúdo visível é limitado a informações de localização, data, título parcial e marca d’água arquivística.
— Não há texto suficiente para transcrever o conteúdo da carta conforme solicitado.

Translation

Page 1

--- TRANSLATION ---
[Page 1]

[Main Text]
I have received the letter which Your Majesty was pleased to command me to write from Sátuatera on the 11th of March; I received it on the 4th of September 1702. I accepted it not only with all due respect, but also with great satisfaction, as it is a source of profound encouragement to see that, though I am unworthy of such honour, I am remembered by Your Majesty each year with letters containing such high commendations as I could never merit. Among other matters, Your Majesty has favoured me by instructing that the Viceroy of India be requested to take care regarding the provision of my congrua [ecclesiastical stipend]. By virtue of this same instruction, the Governors of that State have been made aware, and in obedience to the Royal will of Your Majesty, I shall no longer feel the previous privation. I give many thanks for this particular favour, and I shall always strive not to be ungrateful for such abundant benefits.

Regarding China, I have nothing new to report to Your Majesty at present: this year the mission has been quieter. Since, in Rome, time has been taken to examine more thoroughly the point or points at issue in the Chinese Controversies, and since the Brothers from China have been consulted for their opinion, there is now less concern here that the older missionary Fathers—whose sole aim has always been the salvation of souls in this kingdom, without regard for any temporal gain or personal interest—might be condemned on account of some disruptive Vicars who disturb the Christian community. With renewed hope for the preservation of Your Majesty’s health, I trust that a favourable decision will likewise be reached concerning the cause of the Chinese Rites, which has been referred to Rome. The new Supreme Pontiff, who so well understands the eminent zeal of Your Majesty, will soon render the justice long deferred until these times. Last year, and again in this present letter, I have written to Rome; and should the Supreme Pontiff receive knowledge of my reports, he may also be moved to accept these terms, so that here we may focus solely on the Service of God, for love of whom Your Majesty so greatly labours. Should any new matters arise, I shall address them in the following communication, presenting them to the Royal Person.

Nankim,
4th September 1702
Your Majesty’s

[Margin Notes]
[Top right]: MAOZ
[Centre left]: [UNCLEAR: best interpretation suggests "HUMBLE CHAPELAIN" or similar, but illegible due to fading and overlapping ink]

[Stamps]
[Left side, above main text line]: NATIONAL LIBRARY STAMP — ULTRAMARINE SECTION (circular stamp with legible text encircling a coat of arms)
[Bottom, below signature]: NATIONAL LIBRARY STAMP — ULTRAMARINE SECTION (partially visible circle; text illegible due to overlap with signature)

[Signatures]
[At bottom, below main text]: Humble Chaplain
[Below preceding name]: Alexandre Cícero, Bishop of Nankim

[Archival References]
[Not visible in provided image.]

[Contextual Validation Note]
[SUSPECTED_HALLUCINATION] — The document is dated 1702, yet references "D. Pedro II, King of Portugal." This is anachronistic: D. Pedro II of Portugal lived from 1648 to 1706 and reigned from 1683 to 1706. While his reign overlaps with the date of the letter (1702), confusion may arise with the later D. Pedro II of Brazil (born 1831), but the reference here likely denotes the Portuguese monarch D. Pedro II. However, given that João V succeeded him in 1706 and would have been heir apparent in 1702, formal correspondence near the end of Pedro II’s reign may still address him as king. Therefore, while the title appears historically plausible within context, the archival metadata referencing "D. Pedro II" as reigning beyond 1706 would be incorrect. The transcription retains the original referent as contextually valid for 1702, but clarifies potential confusion in scholarly annotation.

[Additional Observations]
- The document is handwritten in Portuguese, using an 18th-century script.
- The paper exhibits signs of age, including discolouration, creasing, and minor ink smudging.
- The signature at the foot reads “Alexandre Cícero, Bishop of Nankim,” consistent with the author named in the heading.
- Mentions of “China” and “Macau” align with the known geographical and ecclesiastical context of Portuguese colonial missions.
- The term “Ritos Sínicos” refers to the Chinese Rites controversy—a pivotal debate in early modern Catholic missionary policy concerning the compatibility of Confucian ancestral rites with Christian doctrine.
- The place name “Sátuatera” remains uncertain; it may represent a phonetic rendering or scribal variation of a location in India or Southeast Asia (possibly Satgaon, São Tomé de Meliapor, or another missionary station), but is transcribed as rendered in the original.

---

Translator’s Note:
This translation adheres to British English conventions and maintains the formal register appropriate for academic use. Ecclesiastical and administrative terminology (e.g., congrua, Viceroy of India, Chinese Rites) has been preserved with explanatory glosses where necessary to ensure clarity for contemporary scholars. All structural elements—including marginalia, stamps, and signatures—have been faithfully rendered to support provenance analysis and archival citation. The text reflects primary-source material from the Portuguese colonial ecclesiastical archive, intended for critical historical study.


Page 2

11 de Fevereiro

Do Conselho Ultramarino

About what Father Alexandre Cicero, Bishop of Nankin, writes.


Page 3

--- TRANSLATION ---

[Page 1]

[Main Text]
As appears from the matter ordered,
Genar 6th. 12 of M.S.C. 1707.

The Councils sent me the enclosed correspondence from the Kingdom of Náquim, in which the Most Illustrious (O.Mag.) had written to Rome concerning the defence of the Chinese Rites, indicating support and demonstrating that there exists in this matter, regarding the misfortunes in China, a disposition notably favourable to the Royal Patronage under this formula.

We hereby present this matter to the Most Illustrious, although Delados has since passed away; nevertheless, assuming the stance he expressed, that the Most Illustrious be entrusted with authority over commissions pertaining to the post of agent to Rome, where this affair is currently being addressed, and where it should be pursued diligently. The matter is to be handled in such a manner as to initiate proceedings under Case LXVII of Francisco del Dor.

[Signatures]
Pondedasthur
Cand Batelchwaft
D. António Barros

Marcelhiney de Magda
Gregório Stalblyop
Can Ponsas Coff

[Seals]
Top right: [Dark blue circular seal with legible inscription: "NATIONAL ARCHIVE OF HISTORY – OVERSEAS SECTION"]
Centre left: [Black circular seal with illegible inscription; only the outline and central text are visible, but cannot be transcribed with certainty.]

[Marginal Notes]
No marginal annotations are visible on the document.

[Archival References]
No archival references are visible on the document.

[SUSPECTED_HALLUCINATION]
The document cites "M.S.C. 1707" as the date, yet the heading indicates the year 1702. This chronological discrepancy is considered a suspected hallucination, as the established historical context identifies the document as dating from 1702. The transcribed date should be verified against the provided historical context.

[Validation Note]
The transcription has been carried out in accordance with established rules, preserving original wording and marking any uncertainty or historical inconsistency. No interpretations or assumptions have been made.


Page 4

--- TRANSLATION ---

[Page 1]

[Main Text]
[ILLEGIBLE: ~0 characters] — No main text visible.

[Marginal annotations]
[Top right corner]:
Nanquim — 16 September — 1702
[Best interpretation] — “Nanquim” (place name), “16 de Set.” (date), and “1702” (year) written in cursive script, aligned horizontally.

[Centre right]:
From the Bishop of Nanquim
S. Adeção da Comunidade
Sinicos que foi aprovada
[Best interpretation] — Partially legible phrase beginning with “From the Bishop of Nanquim”, followed by “S. Adeção da Comunidade / Sinicos que foi aprovada”. The text exhibits wear and fragmentation, particularly in the final line. [Note: “S. Adeção” likely represents an abbreviation for “Santa Aprovação” (Holy Approval); “Comunidade Sinicos” may refer to the Chinese Christian community or clergy; literal translation preserved where meaning is uncertain.]

[Stamps]
[Lower right corner]:
[Circular seal with illegible or partially erased inscription. The image suggests an official stamp, possibly from the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU), but the text is not readable. Description: “(Illegible seal)”].

[Signatures]
[Illegible: ~0 characters] — No signatures visible on the document.

[Archival references]
[Centrally positioned, as a watermark]:
AHU — Translucent watermark superimposed over the centre of the page, indicating archival provenance.

[Sheet number or internal identification]
[Centre, slightly below the upper margin of the page]:
No. 45 — Written in cursive script, likely an internal reference or sequential numbering of the document.

[SUSPECTED_HALLUCINATION]
— The document title provided in the context (Letter from the Bishop of Nanquim, Dom Alexandre Cícero, to [Dom Pedro II], King of Portugal, concerning missionaries in China and the Chinese Rites question) does not appear in the visible content of the image.
— There is no mention of “Dom Pedro II” (King of Portugal from 1834) or any reference to the Portuguese monarch in the visible text.
— While the date “1702” is consistent with the historical period referenced, the visual content does not correspond to the described document.
— The phrase “S. Adeção da Comunidade Sinicos que foi aprovada” is inconsistent with the stated title and historical context (the Chinese Rites controversy in Macau during the 18th century).
— Therefore, the transcribed content does not match the document described in the contextual metadata. This appears to be an envelope, cover sheet, or flyleaf, rather than the body of the letter itself.

[Final note]
— The image represents only the outer leaf or cover of a document, not the principal text of the letter.
— The visible content is limited to locational notation, date, partial heading, and archival watermarking.
— There is insufficient textual material present to transcribe the actual content of the letter as requested.

Anexo 1

1707/02/11

Consulta do Conselho Ultramarino sobre a questão dos ritos sínicos. 

Citation
D. Alexandre Cícero, Bispo de Nanquim. (1702). Carta do Bispo de Nanquim, D. Alexandre Cícero, a [D. Pedro II], rei de Portugal, sobre os religiosos da China e sobre a questão dos ritos sínicos. (Conselho Ultramarino, 062 (Macau). Box 2, doc.32) [Carta]. Portugal. Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino. http://43.156.68.124/docs/3SP9HM9U/viewer_3SP9HM9U.html
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