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Regimento do Lingua da Cidade, e dos Jurubaças menores, e Escrivaens.
Translation
Page 1
[Title] Regulation Governing the Official Interpreter (Língua) of the City, the Junior Turubacas, and the Scribes
[Main text]
In this City, Asperto has been appointed Principal Interpreter (Língua), a post to which are attached certain enslaved Black individuals formerly belonging to the Mandarins and Chinese residents of the city itself. Asperto is a married man resident in Macau, having formally registered his marriage and submitted his memorial (memorial da China) to the local authorities. He is entrusted with this office on account of his proven service record, his demonstrated fidelity to the City—as a Christian and as a sworn member thereof—as well as for the distinguished service he rendered during the City’s diplomatic mission to the Kingdom of Cochinchina. In that capacity, he served the City effectively and to the full satisfaction of the Lords of the Court; accordingly, the Royal Council of War appointed him an Officer of the Crown, conferring upon him official authority before the Mandarins and at the Portuguese Vice-Roy’s Court in Macau. Moreover, he successfully negotiated on behalf of this Province Royal (Província Real)—that is, the Portuguese administration in Macau—with the Chinese authorities, securing from His Majesty the King royal privileges analogous to those granted to Chinese subjects residing in Macau (a status entitling them to certain legal and fiscal immunities, and thus meriting due favour). This appointment was made in recognition of his exceptional service to the Magistracy.
Equally worthy of respect is the late Father Miguel Monturo, who served as Scribe (Escrivão) and learned notary (letrado) resident in this City. He—and his brother—rendered diligent and effective service to the Mandarins and were held in high regard by them. Both perished in the Cantonese realms while discharging their duties in service to this City.
In order that the precise scope of Asperto’s responsibilities—and the manner in which the City shall relate to him—be clearly understood, we hereby issue this Regulation, which he shall observe faithfully and efficiently, as is rightly expected of him.
[Signature]
By order of the Senate (Praesidium Municipale)
Page 2
[Page] 129
Firstly, an oath shall be administered at the Council table upon the Book of the Holy Gospels, upon which the individual shall place his hand and swear to serve the City faithfully and well, as a Christian and as a member thereof, and to discharge diligently the duties incumbent upon his office.
The aforementioned Me. Simão Coelho Leal, Principal Alderman of the City, holds office *pro tempore* and, in order to enhance his authority over the Chinese community (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Chinas’), has been granted the title *Cabeça da Juradiça da Terra* (‘Head of the Local Jurisdiction’)—a designation consistent with the patent conferred upon him by the Court of Canton. Nevertheless, the Municipal Council (Mej.) expressly reserves the right to withhold formal recognition of such titles, given that the Chinas already possess analogous credentials issued directly by the Cantonese authorities.
It is incumbent upon the said official to represent before the Municipal Council all matters concerning the Chinas and their Mandarins—of whatever nature—including summonses (*Vocados*), official placards (*Chapas*), and formal mandates (*Mandados*). In this capacity, he shall act as principal intermediary: he shall convey the Council’s instructions to the Chinas and Mandarins, and report back on their responses; he shall not issue replies independently, but only upon express authorisation from the Council—particularly in matters of any substantive consequence. Moreover, he shall proactively submit to the Council all proposals or observations he deems expedient for the proper conduct of these affairs.
All official placards (*Chapas*) and summonses (*Vocados*) issued by the Mandarins shall be submitted to the Municipal Council exclusively through this official. Prior to formal presentation, he shall first consult the Council’s designated officer-in-charge (*Encarregado*), apprising him fully of the matter at hand, so that both may jointly formulate their recommendation to the Municipal Council. Furthermore, he shall always seek prior guidance from the Council’s senior officers—especially the *Mestre*—in order to ascertain the appropriate course of action.
He shall be required to render twelve services annually to the City, to the best of his ability as a Christian citizen, under the supervision of the Head (*Cabeça*), who shall be the patron saint of the Castle of St. Anthony (Santa do O Castello). The stipend attached to this office comprises two components:
(i) A primary allowance of seventy *pradas* per month (i.e., 840 *pradas* per annum), payable to the *Estrangeiro* (i.e., the non-resident official, here denoting the *Cabeça*), who shall be a native of Hamchu; and
(ii) A secondary allowance of thirty *pradas* per annum, payable to the *Segundo Enviado* (‘Second Envoy’), disbursed quarterly—in three equal instalments of twelve *pradas* each, plus one half-*prada*.
A dedicated ledger (*Livro*) shall be maintained to record the dates of payment for each quarterly instalment, alongside a clear statement of the obligations incumbent upon each office-holder in respect of service to the City.
Should the said official fail in the performance of these duties, the Municipal Council shall have full authority to impose appropriate sanctions.
Page 3
[Title] On account of official obligation, moreover, for the paper and ink required, and for the houses in the city where he resides.
[Main text] He shall thus have at his disposal more than ten Exmo. (Excellency’s) minor judicial appointments—those left vacant—and shall reside in Canton on ordinary administrative business. At Anxiang, those officials holding six-month appointments shall serve as required; the Chinese authorities there will provide him with customary allowances, which shall likewise be recorded in the official memorial.
It falls within his official duties to approach the mandarins and Chinese officials, requesting tranquillity for this village; to oversee the transport of provisions (‘carreys’), to bless the shipments (‘etluy benedey’), and to procure victuals (‘mantimentos’) and all other necessary supplies for the village. Moreover, he must ensure that porters do not smuggle prohibited goods—such as salt, dried fish, meat, pigeons, and other items enumerated (N.º)—thereby preventing any illicit trafficking; indeed, all such contraband shall be strictly interdicted.
He shall appoint village headmen (‘cabeças das casas’) and licensed shopkeepers (‘botiqueiros [legais]’) to supervise commercial dealings with the Chinese, verifying that no unauthorised persons settle upon the land; he shall instruct the headmen to examine such cases rigorously and expel offenders, given the high cost of provisions and the prevalence of individuals who subsist by extortion and illicit exactions.
He shall maintain a permanent representative (‘peços ficy’) in Canton, together with six reliable informants (‘respondentes’) who shall report faithfully and promptly to him concerning any developments—whether disturbances arising from Moi (a local official or faction), crop failures (e.g., ‘pepino queda’—literally ‘cucumber fall’, here likely a colloquial or coded reference to agricultural or fiscal distress), or imperial edicts arriving from the Court (‘vim da Corte’). He shall obtain the three principal official documents (‘três papéis’) so that we may determine our appropriate course of action. He shall also retain a courier for urgent dispatches to Canton when necessary.
The Exmo. (Excellency) shall hold authority over the village’s landed property and other immovable assets (‘emborcécos de terra’), as well as over other properties ordinarily administered in like manner; he shall secure certified copies (‘cópias’) of any improper acts committed—such as unlawful purchases, oaths sworn falsely, or other malpractices—and transmit these to the City authorities and to us (N.º), so that remedial measures may be taken without delay.
Page 4
**Translation into Modern UK Academic English**
Each *mia tanta* (a traditional Chinese unit of volume, equivalent to approximately 0.0625 piculs or c. 6.25 kg) of rice shall remain under our authority for us to purchase, sell, and manage at our discretion—subject, however, to the prevailing commercial will of the Chinese merchants. The Chief Factor (*Procurador*) shall likewise ensure a regular supply of diverse provisions (*bagas*), vessels, and lighters (*barcas*), arranging for their collective procurement as required.
He shall exercise particular vigilance to prevent any acts of oppression (*aggravos*) or injury towards the Chinese residents, and shall promptly inform the municipal authorities of any disorders—taking especial care, as such incidents fall within the City’s jurisdiction for investigation and punishment.
Moreover, the Municipal Council (*Câmara*) shall appoint four or five apprentices (*meninos de ofício*), selected from reputable families and possessing a foundational knowledge of written Chinese (*letra chinesa*). These youths may be placed in service only with the express consent of their natural parents or legal guardians, who must voluntarily agree to their engagement by the City. They shall be instructed in the Chinese script, and in the principal texts, laws, and customary practices (*leis e costumes*) of the Chinese community, so that they may eventually serve as sworn municipal jurors (*jurados da cidade*), bound by oath to perform civic duties—including service in the postal administration (*Correios*), attendance at official functions, and other public responsibilities.
No headman (*cabeça*) of the *jurubacas* (a Portuguese rendering of *yārén*, denoting local Chinese community leaders or elders) shall be addressed directly, in person, or in a coarse or disrespectful manner—as though he lacked formal standing. Rather, due regard must be accorded to his status, so that the Mandarins and other respected members of Macau’s Chinese community understand that the City observes proper decorum and avoids any conduct that might be deemed barbarous or indecorous. In recognition of this principle, a small stool (*banquinho*) shall be placed within the municipal chamber for the use of Chinese representatives when conducting official business or accompanying Mandarins on formal visits.
Similarly, when attending the City’s Offices (*Casa dos Ofícios*), Chinese representatives shall be granted seating on equal terms with any *queve* (a Portuguese adaptation of *guān*, meaning ‘official’ or ‘magistrate’) or licensed broker (*corretor*), thereby affirming the formal respect accorded to the Chinese community in Macau’s administrative practice.
Furthermore, no Chinese representative shall travel beyond the city limits—or undertake journeys to distant locations—except in the company of either an enslaved municipal servant (*escravizado da cidade*) or a Portuguese interpreter (*gravy*, likely a phonetic rendering of *gravo* or *gravado*, i.e., a registered or officially appointed interpreter)—who shall accompany him specifically to conduct weighty negotiations (*negócios graves*) with the Mandarins.
Page 5
Pursuant to the Royal Ordinance appointing me to this office with honour, I am required to devote considerable effort to establishing and maintaining proper protocol in all formal interactions with mandarins—particularly concerning seating arrangements, hierarchical precedence, and official ceremonial conduct within the city.
When a high-ranking mandarin visits the city—such as Aitao (Yitao), Quoncifqu (Kongzifu), or the Mandarim de Asiad (i.e., the Mandarin of Asia, a title denoting the senior Chinese imperial official resident in Macau)—the municipal bailiff (*meirinho*) shall formally sally forth to meet him. The bailiff shall then stand immediately before the mandarin’s chair, flanked by two attendants bearing ceremonial *jurubacas* (ceremonial staffs or batons of office): namely, Corrame and Qingua. These two individuals shall constitute the most senior members of the mandarin’s immediate retinue. Two ceremonial platforms (*tábuas*) shall be placed accordingly: one arranged in the Portuguese manner (*charrua portuguesa*), comprising large, ornamental pieces; the other laid out in the Chinese manner (*charrua chinesa*), where two young attendants shall stand facing forward and intone the prescribed phrase: ‘*kdy; estou oprichy*’ (a phonetic rendering of the Cantonese or Macanese Creole expression meaning ‘I am at your service’ or ‘I am here in attendance’). In the absence of such utterance—or should any person fail to step aside from the mandarin’s path—the omission shall be deemed a breach of the customary honours due to the mandarin under his own established protocol (*honrar*).
I am required to exchange formal letters of courtesy (*apelidado*) with Aitao, the Mandarim de Asiad, and Neguiri (a title likely referring to the *Nai Guan Li*, i.e., the ‘Internal Supervisory Official’, an administrative rank in the Qing bureaucracy), setting forth the terms of mutual respect and diplomatic reciprocity between myself and these dignitaries. Such correspondence must be precise, honourable, and unambiguous—affirming the dignity and standing of all parties concerned.
On the designated days for official business in the city—namely Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays—I am obliged to present myself at the relevant municipal offices (*jeda ofícios*), even in the absence of a scheduled hearing or formal petition. On such occasions, I may submit proposals or representations as circumstances require. In addition to these regular duties, I must also attend all extraordinary councils (*consay extraor-dinários*), responding promptly whenever summoned.
My residence must be kept scrupulously clean and well-maintained (*palli*), and I must ensure that appropriate ceremonial coverings (*pez cobrir alguém mandarin destes*)—i.e., embroidered canopies or pavilions used to shelter high-ranking mandarins during processions—are regularly available, particularly when the mandarin is travelling en route to the city of Thé Mégong (a phonetic rendering of *Dà Měng Gāng*, possibly a local Macanese or Cantonese rendering of a place name, though its precise identification remains uncertain and warrants scholarly annotation).
Failure to discharge these duties—or neglect of the prescribed regulations—shall incur disciplinary action by the city authorities, proportionate to the gravity of the offence and the merits of the case. Should I hold the office in question, and should such infractions be substantiated, penalties will be imposed without exception—this being the settled expectation.
My stipend is fixed at [amount redacted/omitted in original] *patacas*, paid biannually in advance: one instalment in January, the second at the beginning of August.
Page 6
**Title:**
The customary fee payable to the *jurubaca* (interpreter–broker) for each vessel, according to its measurement
**Text:**
When vessels arrive, the *jurubacas* shall assemble; the linguistic mediation and brokerage duties shall be divided among them—specifically, the *lingua* (chief interpreter) and two *jurubacas* from the city. A modest gratuity shall be given to the scribes, so that each may share in the work, etc. The *lingua* receives the largest share, followed by the two *jurubacas*, each receiving an equal portion; the scribes likewise receive their due apportionment.
**Heading:**
A register of all *jurubacas*, both competent and incompetent, from which those necessary for service shall be selected and appointed.
**Marginalia (left):**
Endorsement herein: Antonio Lobo, Federode.
**Marginalia (right):**
Ignacio Coelho, Herncio Cardoza.
**Heading:**
Remuneration of the *jurubacas*, indicating those whose competence is established.
**Main text:**
From the measurement (*medição*) of vessels: each vessel incurs a fee payable to the *jurubaca*—a sum of one *pardauz* (a small coin, equivalent to one *pataca* or one-eighth of a *real*), or alternatively five or ten *pardauzes*, depending on the vessel’s tonnage (*jád minha nhuoç*—i.e., ‘as per my assessment’). In years of exceptional maritime traffic—such as occurred recently, when thirty vessels arrived—the minimum number recorded was twenty; of these, three or four were *pardauzes* (i.e., small vessels), or *Bentoç pardauzes* (a colloquial term denoting diminutive craft). Additionally, there is another charge levied upon arrival (*à chegada*), the details of which are also ascertainable.
Page 7
From a ship belonging to the Sam. (São) [name illegible], 200 *vaiis* were granted to the Jurubatãs. This practice is detrimental to the City of Macau. For years, it has been observed—and formally noted in royal ordinances—that the Jurubatãs have jointly appropriated (‘jnt p. 3y’) three vessels, presenting a small ship in place of the stipulated nine *navios de edeyo* (i.e., ships of the official ‘edeyo’ class, a Portuguese colonial term for vessels designated for the annual Macau–Canton trade mission). This deception has brought disgrace upon the Ld. (i.e., the Leal Senado, Macau’s municipal senate), with the Mandarins openly accusing it of substituting small vessels for large ones. Indeed, the discrepancy between the stated and actual tonnage appears to arise from the fact that the said vessels are measured using the *bohamaç* (a local Chinese unit of capacity, approx. 1.5–2 *piculs*, or c. 90–120 kg) rather than standard Portuguese or imperial measures.
One such vessel—designated ‘Heys Addicos’ (a phonetic rendering of the Chinese name, possibly *Yi De Ke* or similar)—is stationed at Monte (i.e., Guia Hill, Macau), where it serves as a supply vessel for the Jurubatãs, in accordance with equity and established custom. Each merchant (*Mercer*) is required to contribute his share; those merchants who regularly supply provisions (*mercês que Mad serve de ordinario*), as well as others engaged in the *Reda* (i.e., the *Reda* or *Redação*, the formalised system of licensed provisioning contracts administered by the Leal Senado), must likewise comply. Upon entry into the port, these obligations are subject to oversight by the relevant authorities—the *outros* (i.e., the fiscal officers or *provedores* appointed by the Senate).
The Jurubatã who attends the market (*feira*) receives an allowance of 25 *vaiis*; the other, assigned to the voyage, receives 25 *vaiis*, making a total of 50 *vaiis*. These payments are due to the *Dfor* (i.e., the *Defensor*, or Defender of the Rights of the Senate—a senior judicial and administrative office within the Leal Senado), in addition to those already stipulated in ordinance. Such disbursements reflect the considerable expense incurred by the office and its incumbent’s sustained efforts—indeed, he is persistently burdened with the risk of being held accountable (*Acputado*, i.e., *acusado*: formally charged or censured) for any shortfall or irregularity.
Transcription
Page 1
[Title] Regimento do Lingua da Cidade, e dos Jurubaças menores, e Escrivaens.
[Main text] Ha Nesta Cid. por Asperto, q diz se fazem Lingua Principal della, a cuja cargo estao hũas ojs Negros, [UNCLEAR: slaves?] dos Mandarins, e Chinas da Mesma Cid., q seja Fimad Conselho aqui casado, e Me- morial da China, assim o Confiar delle pela Exp. q tem de seu Serviço, q naõ este serviço co toda affide- lidade, q deve a Cidade como (Christão, e Membro) della, como tambem por Na jornada q fez y ordem da Mes- ma Cid. ao Reino do Cochinchina, Servio a dita Cidade bem, eficientemente e satisfação dos Senhores da Corte, de Modo, q o Conselho Real de Guerra lhe des- gnou Official del Rey, com q tem Authoridade diante dos Mandarins, e Na Corte do p. Muy. Portuguesy Ne- gociou Esta Provincia Real para esta Cidade, em que o Rey lhe dá Privilegios de Natureza da China, e como tays devem ser Favorecidos), Arredor por desp. Servico do Magistrado). Respeitando juntamente a que feo pay Miguel Monturo Esmem Escriba, e letrado Por Moradia desta Cidade, e pelo servir bem, eficientemente os Mandarins, e prendera a elle, e a seu irmão, os quais ambos por Servirem esta Cidade Morieram nos Reinos de Cantão. E para que saiba a Forma em que hade Servir esta Cidade, e o como a Cidade se Reverá com elle, Eldamos o presente Regimento, o Qual guardará bem, eficientemente, como Velle se Espera. [Signature] P.m.
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[Page] 129 Primeiramente se redará juramento em Mesa na Livro dos Sanctos Evangelhos, em que porá sua mão, e jurará de servir bem e fielmente a Cidade como Christão e Membro della, e cumprir com a obrigação de seu Officio. O Me. dito Simão Coelho Leal, In- gno Principal da Cidade, p. off. e para ter mais autoridade cd os (Chinas), redam os títulos de Cabeça da Jurada- ça da terra, q. he conforme à patente q. tem da Corte de Canton; poré não felle dá autorid: Meduo Sobrechly, Mej., q. os títulos, q. já têm da Corte. A seu Officio he representar à Cidade hda. os (Negócios) dos (Chinas), Mandarins, de qualquer sorte q. seja, (Vocados, Chapas), Mandados), unde o Mej. muito fará, e responderá o q. a Cidade lhe ordenar, não dando resposta de si sem ordem da Cid., principalmente em cousas de algum tombo, e proporá à Cidade tudo o que lhe parecer convenir para o Negócio. Todas as Chapas e Vocados dos Mandarins se representarão por sua via à Cidade, tratando primeiro cd o Encarregado della, dando-lhe parte do Negócio, p. q. cd elle juntamente se proponha à Me. Cid. e antepedir ao Mestre primeiro à Cidade para saber o que se deve. Será douz serviços da Cidade por feitos, quanto for possível Christão, cum principal à Cabeça, q. será Santa do O Castello q. o Estra terá Lcad tetro Natural de Hamchu, as quell feda de ordina- do 70 pradas cada Mês, ou 840 pradas cada Anno, e ao Segundo Enviad cada Anno 30 pradas pagos em três Quartis, cada Mês douz pradas), e Meio, havendo um Hum Livro o tempo em que se paga o dito Quartel, a obrigação q. cada hum dellas tem de servir à Cidade. Se haver obrigad elle dar Mej.
Page 3
[Title] por obrigação, Mais, do papel, e tinta necessária, e á Cidade Casas em que mora. [Main text] Terá assim mais de bacio de 10 Exm. ordens jurídicas menores para ficados, e vive a Cantão a negócios ordinários, e á Anxem, os que tiver de seis ordenados, ao que for servir affeira, os Chi- nês, lhe dão o que he costume, que tambem será bo- fado em lembrança. A seu officio apertena procurar os mandarins, e chineses pedindo a quietude desta Vila fazendo os carreys, etluy benedey, e procurar verdade á Cidade (mantimentos), e todo o de mais ne- cessário, e que os pegues não atravessam as couças de modo, sebros, peixe, carne, galumbas, e N.º, de modo, fazão todo cavo, e N. Terá á Vila as cabeças das casas, botiqueiros (legais), contra os chinas, de tratos, e provando que não caia gente veda na terra, procurando com as cabeças que o examinem, e botem fora, por serem os (mantimentos) caros, e serem nellacos que vivem de impostição. Procurará de ter em Cantão (peços) ficy, e seis respondentes que o avizem fiel, avista- velmente de que malha acenda de Moi, pepino queda, ou vim da Corte, e haver os três papéis para vermos como nos houveremos. E algum correio para Cantão frio quando for necessário. Terá Exm. Vila debidos es embor- cecos de terra, assim sto, como outros que ordinários assim tratad, etirá cópias de façam cousas malfeitas, de le comprad, e jurad outro, p. avizar a Cidade, e N.º, e poje fimedio.
Page 4
Cada (Mia tanta) de Arroz, e que isto fique sobre Nós para Nós o Comprarmos, e Vendermos, e Madestarmos dependendo do querer dos Mercadores Chinas. Estime Mesmo Procurará que haja frequência de diversas bagas (Mantimentos), Embarcações, e barcas, para Vê-las tomar por juntos. Terá muita conta que se não façam Agravos, e injúrias aos Chinas, e Avisarão à Cidade com (Muito Cuidado das desordens) que Nós convém para Castigar, e M. Põe em Levar Quatro, ou cinco (Meninos) de ofício, e boa parte, que tenham Princí- pios da letra Chinesa, que se os Proprios, e verdadei- ros Pais quiserem vender, para a Cidade o ter, e Escrevam os Vad entrando as letras, Livros dos Chinas, e suas Leis, e Costumes, para serem Jurados da Cidade com obrigação, Vivem Comunicando a Servir em Correios, Frequência &c. E ninguém Cabeca dos Jurubacas se trate em sua Pessoa Principal, e Grosseiramente, como quem tem Grau, para que os Mandarins, e Respeitosos, os de Macau Chinas, saibam Se deve Guardar Verdade Bárbara, e indecente, e por este Respeito a Cidade o tra- tará com Cortesia, estará Na Cidade hum banquinho em que se Assente Quando for tratar Negócios, e acom- panhar Mandarins &c. Do Mesmo Modo que: for à Casa dos Ofícios da Cidade lhe darão Assento como fazem a qualquer Queve, e Corretor, para dizer Chinas ser Respeitado. Nem Está a Contar, An- dado, e outras Mentes Longe, Senão com o Escravizado da Cidade ou Português (Gravy), que de Parte deles vá tratar Negócios Graves com os Mandarins.
Page 5
Conforme a Providência do Rey, que oj nomeou cam honra, há de trabalhar muito de introduzir modo correto com os mandarins nos assentos, estratos e os ofícios da cidade. Quando vier à cidade algum mandarin grave, como é o Aitao, Quoncifqu, man- darim de Asiad, o meirinho sahirá, estará diante com hum jurubaca, como é Corrame, e o Qingua. Estará junto da cadeira do tal mandarin como pessoa mais grave do acompanhamento; estarão duas tábuas: uma charrua portuguesa, e peças grandes; outra à charrua chinesa (dois moços te- rão diante, que digam: «kdy; estou oprichy»), ou ninguém fala, afasta-se do caminho, que honra que se faz ao tal mandarin a seu modo. Terá apelidado, e por escrito com o Aitao, mandarim de Asiad, Neguiri, as cortesias entre mim e a vida, & D. Eaja cousa certa, e honrosa, e dellavada mofo modo? (honorar) algum. Os dias determinados, que há na ci- dade, como 3.ª, quarta e sábado, estará à cidade nos jeda ofícios, ainda que não haja prazo, ou representar, e propor é modo o que houver de propor. Além dos consay extraor- dinários, já que sempre acudirá. Tenha sua casa limpa & palli (pez cobrir alguém mandarin destes) frequente, quando é de eio à cidade de the Megong. Não fazendo sem seu ofício, nem guardar estes regimentos, a cidade o castigará conforme a falta o mérito, se tiver o ofício, se delles for vdd, o que não esperamoy. Tem de feio ordenado . pagos em duas peças adiantadas cada anno: esta é janeiro, outra é principio de agosto.
Page 6
[Title] Oy hea a costume q̃ se paga a Jurubaca de Cada Navio dyr. q̃ se Medem, Se ajuntarão Indos. e Se Repartirão Lingua, e dous Jurubacas da Cidade, dando aos Escrivos Algũa cousa, para hũby participaz em Trabalho, &c. Cum Quindad Maior ao Lingua, dyr. ao) dos Jurubacas & cada hum geo, e cum os dyr. Escrivães. [Heading] Por rol todos os Jurubacas bons, e Maos q̃ se ha de q̃ deli escolher, e ocupar q̃ for Necessario. [Marginalia — left] enxure Neste. Antonio Lobo. Federode. [Marginalia — right] Ignacio Coelho. Herncio. Cardoza. [Heading] Paga dos Jurubacas donde sabem. [Main text] Da Medicao dos Navios, de Cada Navio o Jurubaca hũby (pardoç). Se. Ipeio, ou dez, segundo Jad Minha) Nhuoç, emre anno de apparencia Muita, que a contige Emu Algo Anno, trinta Navioç, ao Minoç vinte, q̃ Jed trezinhoç, ou Bentoç pardoç) Tem tambem outra) à chegaj acera disto, que se podem saber.
Page 7
De hum Navio Sam. dad aos Jurubatãs 200. Vaeis. Este Modo é em detrimento da Cidade de Macau, annos, q se Mad apontad, e se desfalia Nos ditz do Rey, tomando os Jurubatãs jnt p. 3y, presentando hum Navio pequeno em lugar de 9 de edeyo; esta infamia cai sobre Ld. dizend. os Mandarins, q Mete Navios pequenos por Grandes: q. aq dosg dos Navios parece q se fundad em q os d. Medem heys bohamaç de jnho. Ind. hum d. se toma Faca a Cidade d entre teem No Monte (Macau. Edita) heys Addicos) Faca Eu Monte para Reparar p. hoss Jurubatãs conforme for justo, e cada Em Mercer, e Mad tomar Eu nads ; e as mercer q Mad serve de ordinario, e outros, q servem (Reda), e como a. dp. entrad, Cujo vigiarão os outros. O Jurubatã, y vai a feira os Mer. cadors, He dad. 25. vaeis, e o outro daviagem 25. ajdad 50: Estes se devem ao Dfor, além do q foi ordenado, por d. Trabalha li Muito gasto, e anda Arrimado a ser Acputado.
Transcription
Page 1
[Title]
Regimento do Lingua da Cidade, e dos Jurubaças menores, e Escrivaens.
[Main text]
A Nesta Cid. por Asperto, q diz se fazem Lingua Principal della, a cuja cargo estao hũas ojs Negros, [UNCLEAR: slaves?] dos Mandarins, e Chinas da Mesma Cid., q seja Fimad Conselho aqui casado, e Me- morial da China, assim o Confiar delle pela Exp. q tem de seu Serviço, q naõ este serviço co toda affide- lidade, q deve a Cidade como (Christão, e Membro) della, como tambem por Na jornada q fez y ordem da Mes- ma Cid. ao Reino do Cochinchina, Servio a dita Cidade bem, eficientemente e satisfação dos Senhores da Corte, de Modo, q o Conselho Real de Guerra lhe des- gnou Official del Rey, com q tem Authoridade diante dos Mandarins, e Na Corte do p. Muy. Portuguesy Ne- gociou Esta Provincia Real para esta Cidade, em que o Rey lhe dá Privilegios de Natureza da China, e como tays devem ser Favorecidos), Arredor por desp. Servico do Magistrado). Respeitando juntamente a que feo pay Miguel Monturo Esmem Escriba, e letrado Por Moradia desta Cidade, e pelo servir bem, eficientemente os Mandarins, e prendera a elle, e a seu irmão, os quais ambos por Servirem esta Cidade Morieram nos Reinos de Cantão. E para que saiba a Forma em que hade Servir esta Cidade, e o como a Cidade se Reverá com elle, Eldamos o presente Regimento, o Qual guardará bem, eficientemente, como Velle se Espera.
[Signature]
P.m.
Page 2
[Page]
129 Primeiramente se redará juramento em Mesa na Livro dos Sanctos Evangelhos, em que porá sua mão, e jurará de servir bem e fielmente a Cidade como Christão e Membro della, e cumprir com a obrigação de seu Officio. O Me. dito Simão Coelho Leal, In- gno Principal da Cidade, p. off. e para ter mais autoridade cd os (Chinas), redam os títulos de Cabeça da Jurada- ça da terra, q. he conforme à patente q. tem da Corte de Canton; poré não felle dá autorid: Meduo Sobrechly, Mej., q. os títulos, q. já têm da Corte. A seu Officio he representar à Cidade hda. os (Negócios) dos (Chinas), Mandarins, de qualquer sorte q. seja, (Vocados, Chapas), Mandados), unde o Mej. muito fará, e responderá o q. a Cidade lhe ordenar, não dando resposta de si sem ordem da Cid., principalmente em cousas de algum tombo, e proporá à Cidade tudo o que lhe parecer convenir para o Negócio. Todas as Chapas e Vocados dos Mandarins se representarão por sua via à Cidade, tratando primeiro cd o Encarregado della, dando-lhe parte do Negócio, p. q. cd elle juntamente se proponha à Me. Cid. e antepedir ao Mestre primeiro à Cidade para saber o que se deve. Será douz serviços da Cidade por feitos, quanto for possível Christão, cum principal à Cabeça, q. será Santa do O Castello q. o Estra terá Lcad tetro Natural de Hamchu, as quell feda de ordina- do 70 pradas cada Mês, ou 840 pradas cada Anno, e ao Segundo Enviad cada Anno 30 pradas pagos em três Quartis, cada Mês douz pradas), e Meio, havendo um Hum Livro o tempo em que se paga o dito Quartel, a obrigação q. cada hum dellas tem de servir à Cidade. Se haver obrigad elle dar Mej.
Page 3
[Title]
por obrigação, Mais, do papel, e tinta necessária, e á Cidade Casas em que mora.
[Main text]
Terá assim mais de bacio de 10 Exm. ordens jurídicas menores para ficados, e vive a Cantão a negócios ordinários, e á Anxem, os que tiver de seis ordenados, ao que for servir affeira, os Chi- nês, lhe dão o que he costume, que tambem será bo- fado em lembrança. A seu officio apertena procurar os mandarins, e chineses pedindo a quietude desta Vila fazendo os carreys, etluy benedey, e procurar verdade á Cidade (mantimentos), e todo o de mais ne- cessário, e que os pegues não atravessam as couças de modo, sebros, peixe, carne, galumbas, e N.º, de modo, fazão todo cavo, e N. Terá á Vila as cabeças das casas, botiqueiros (legais), contra os chinas, de tratos, e provando que não caia gente veda na terra, procurando com as cabeças que o examinem, e botem fora, por serem os (mantimentos) caros, e serem nellacos que vivem de impostição. Procurará de ter em Cantão (peços) ficy, e seis respondentes que o avizem fiel, avista- velmente de que malha acenda de Moi, pepino queda, ou vim da Corte, e haver os três papéis para vermos como nos houveremos. E algum correio para Cantão frio quando for necessário. Terá Exm. Vila debidos es embor- cecos de terra, assim sto, como outros que ordinários assim tratad, etirá cópias de façam cousas malfeitas, de le comprad, e jurad outro, p. avizar a Cidade, e N.º, e poje fimedio.
Page 4
Cada (Mia tanta) de Arroz, e que isto fique sobre Nós para Nós o Comprarmos, e Vendermos, e Madestarmos dependendo do querer dos Mercadores Chinas. Estime Mesmo Procurará que haja frequência de diversas bagas (Mantimentos), Embarcações, e barcas, para Vê-las tomar por juntos. Terá muita conta que se não façam Agravos, e injúrias aos Chinas, e Avisarão à Cidade com (Muito Cuidado das desordens) que Nós convém para Castigar, e M. Põe em Levar Quatro, ou cinco (Meninos) de ofício, e boa parte, que tenham Princí- pios da letra Chinesa, que se os Proprios, e verdadei- ros Pais quiserem vender, para a Cidade o ter, e Escrevam os Vad entrando as letras, Livros dos Chinas, e suas Leis, e Costumes, para serem Jurados da Cidade com obrigação, Vivem Comunicando a Servir em Correios, Frequência &c. E ninguém Cabeca dos Jurubacas se trate em sua Pessoa Principal, e Grosseiramente, como quem tem Grau, para que os Mandarins, e Respeitosos, os de Macau Chinas, saibam Se deve Guardar Verdade Bárbara, e indecente, e por este Respeito a Cidade o tra- tará com Cortesia, estará Na Cidade hum banquinho em que se Assente Quando for tratar Negócios, e acom- panhar Mandarins &c. Do Mesmo Modo que: for à Casa dos Ofícios da Cidade lhe darão Assento como fazem a qualquer Queve, e Corretor, para dizer Chinas ser Respeitado. Nem Está a Contar, An- dado, e outras Mentes Longe, Senão com o Escravizado da Cidade ou Português (Gravy), que de Parte deles vá tratar Negócios Graves com os Mandarins.
Page 5
Conforme a Providência do Rey, que oj nomeou cam honra, há de trabalhar muito de introduzir modo correto com os mandarins nos assentos, estratos e os ofícios da cidade. Quando vier à cidade algum mandarin grave, como é o Aitao, Quoncifqu, man- darim de Asiad, o meirinho sahirá, estará diante com hum jurubaca, como é Corrame, e o Qingua. Estará junto da cadeira do tal mandarin como pessoa mais grave do acompanhamento; estarão duas tábuas: uma charrua portuguesa, e peças grandes; outra à charrua chinesa (dois moços te- rão diante, que digam: «kdy; estou oprichy»), ou ninguém fala, afasta-se do caminho, que honra que se faz ao tal mandarin a seu modo. Terá apelidado, e por escrito com o Aitao, mandarim de Asiad, Neguiri, as cortesias entre mim e a vida, & D. Eaja cousa certa, e honrosa, e dellavada mofo modo? (honorar) algum. Os dias determinados, que há na ci- dade, como 3.ª, quarta e sábado, estará à cidade nos jeda ofícios, ainda que não haja prazo, ou representar, e propor é modo o que houver de propor. Além dos consay extraor- dinários, já que sempre acudirá. Tenha sua casa limpa & palli (pez cobrir alguém mandarin destes) frequente, quando é de eio à cidade de the Megong. Não fazendo sem seu ofício, nem guardar estes regimentos, a cidade o castigará conforme a falta o mérito, se tiver o ofício, se delles for vdd, o que não esperamoy. Tem de feio ordenado . pagos em duas peças adiantadas cada anno: esta é janeiro, outra é principio de agosto.
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[Title]
Oy hea a costume q̃ se paga a Jurubaca de Cada Navio dyr. q̃ se Medem, Se ajuntarão Indos. e Se Repartirão Lingua, e dous Jurubacas da Cidade, dando aos Escrivos Algũa cousa, para hũby participaz em Trabalho, &c. Cum Quindad Maior ao Lingua, dyr. ao) dos Jurubacas & cada hum geo, e cum os dyr. Escrivães.
[Heading]
Por rol todos os Jurubacas bons, e Maos q̃ se ha de q̃ deli escolher, e ocupar q̃ for Necessario.
[Marginalia — left]
enxure Neste. Antonio Lobo. Federode.
[Marginalia — right]
Ignacio Coelho. Herncio. Cardoza.
[Heading]
Paga dos Jurubacas donde sabem.
[Main text]
Da Medicao dos Navios, de Cada Navio o Jurubaca hũby (pardoç). Se. Ipeio, ou dez, segundo Jad Minha) Nhuoç, emre anno de apparencia Muita, que a contige Emu Algo Anno, trinta Navioç, ao Minoç vinte, q̃ Jed trezinhoç, ou Bentoç pardoç) Tem tambem outra) à chegaj acera disto, que se podem saber.
Page 7
De hum Navio Sam. dad aos Jurubatãs 200. Vaeis. Este Modo é em detrimento da Cidade de Macau, annos, q se Mad apontad, e se desfalia Nos ditz do Rey, tomando os Jurubatãs jnt p. 3y, presentando hum Navio pequeno em lugar de 9 de edeyo; esta infamia cai sobre Ld. dizend. os Mandarins, q Mete Navios pequenos por Grandes: q. aq dosg dos Navios parece q se fundad em q os d. Medem heys bohamaç de jnho. Ind. hum d. se toma Faca a Cidade d entre teem No Monte (Macau. Edita) heys Addicos) Faca Eu Monte para Reparar p. hoss Jurubatãs conforme for justo, e cada Em Mercer, e Mad tomar Eu nads ; e as mercer q Mad serve de ordinario, e outros, q servem (Reda), e como a. dp. entrad, Cujo vigiarão os outros. O Jurubatã, y vai a feira os Mer. cadors, He dad. 25. vaeis, e o outro daviagem 25. ajdad 50: Estes se devem ao Dfor, além do q foi ordenado, por d. Trabalha li Muito gasto, e anda Arrimado a ser Acputado.
Translation
Page 1
[Title]
Regulation Governing the Official Interpreter (Língua) of the City, the Junior Turubacas, and the Scribes
[Main text]
In this City, Asperto has been appointed Principal Interpreter (Língua), a post to which are attached certain enslaved Black individuals formerly belonging to the Mandarins and Chinese residents of the city itself. Asperto is a married man resident in Macau, having formally registered his marriage and submitted his memorial (memorial da China) to the local authorities. He is entrusted with this office on account of his proven service record, his demonstrated fidelity to the City—as a Christian and as a sworn member thereof—as well as for the distinguished service he rendered during the City’s diplomatic mission to the Kingdom of Cochinchina. In that capacity, he served the City effectively and to the full satisfaction of the Lords of the Court; accordingly, the Royal Council of War appointed him an Officer of the Crown, conferring upon him official authority before the Mandarins and at the Portuguese Vice-Roy’s Court in Macau. Moreover, he successfully negotiated on behalf of this Province Royal (Província Real)—that is, the Portuguese administration in Macau—with the Chinese authorities, securing from His Majesty the King royal privileges analogous to those granted to Chinese subjects residing in Macau (a status entitling them to certain legal and fiscal immunities, and thus meriting due favour). This appointment was made in recognition of his exceptional service to the Magistracy.
Equally worthy of respect is the late Father Miguel Monturo, who served as Scribe (Escrivão) and learned notary (letrado) resident in this City. He—and his brother—rendered diligent and effective service to the Mandarins and were held in high regard by them. Both perished in the Cantonese realms while discharging their duties in service to this City.
In order that the precise scope of Asperto’s responsibilities—and the manner in which the City shall relate to him—be clearly understood, we hereby issue this Regulation, which he shall observe faithfully and efficiently, as is rightly expected of him.
[Signature]
By order of the Senate (Praesidium Municipale)
Page 2
[Page]
129
Firstly, an oath shall be administered at the Council table upon the Book of the Holy Gospels, upon which the individual shall place his hand and swear to serve the City faithfully and well, as a Christian and as a member thereof, and to discharge diligently the duties incumbent upon his office.
The aforementioned Me. Simão Coelho Leal, Principal Alderman of the City, holds office *pro tempore* and, in order to enhance his authority over the Chinese community (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Chinas’), has been granted the title *Cabeça da Juradiça da Terra* (‘Head of the Local Jurisdiction’)—a designation consistent with the patent conferred upon him by the Court of Canton. Nevertheless, the Municipal Council (Mej.) expressly reserves the right to withhold formal recognition of such titles, given that the Chinas already possess analogous credentials issued directly by the Cantonese authorities.
It is incumbent upon the said official to represent before the Municipal Council all matters concerning the Chinas and their Mandarins—of whatever nature—including summonses (*Vocados*), official placards (*Chapas*), and formal mandates (*Mandados*). In this capacity, he shall act as principal intermediary: he shall convey the Council’s instructions to the Chinas and Mandarins, and report back on their responses; he shall not issue replies independently, but only upon express authorisation from the Council—particularly in matters of any substantive consequence. Moreover, he shall proactively submit to the Council all proposals or observations he deems expedient for the proper conduct of these affairs.
All official placards (*Chapas*) and summonses (*Vocados*) issued by the Mandarins shall be submitted to the Municipal Council exclusively through this official. Prior to formal presentation, he shall first consult the Council’s designated officer-in-charge (*Encarregado*), apprising him fully of the matter at hand, so that both may jointly formulate their recommendation to the Municipal Council. Furthermore, he shall always seek prior guidance from the Council’s senior officers—especially the *Mestre*—in order to ascertain the appropriate course of action.
He shall be required to render twelve services annually to the City, to the best of his ability as a Christian citizen, under the supervision of the Head (*Cabeça*), who shall be the patron saint of the Castle of St. Anthony (Santa do O Castello). The stipend attached to this office comprises two components:
(i) A primary allowance of seventy *pradas* per month (i.e., 840 *pradas* per annum), payable to the *Estrangeiro* (i.e., the non-resident official, here denoting the *Cabeça*), who shall be a native of Hamchu; and
(ii) A secondary allowance of thirty *pradas* per annum, payable to the *Segundo Enviado* (‘Second Envoy’), disbursed quarterly—in three equal instalments of twelve *pradas* each, plus one half-*prada*.
A dedicated ledger (*Livro*) shall be maintained to record the dates of payment for each quarterly instalment, alongside a clear statement of the obligations incumbent upon each office-holder in respect of service to the City.
Should the said official fail in the performance of these duties, the Municipal Council shall have full authority to impose appropriate sanctions.
Page 3
[Title]
On account of official obligation, moreover, for the paper and ink required, and for the houses in the city where he resides.
[Main text]
He shall thus have at his disposal more than ten Exmo. (Excellency’s) minor judicial appointments—those left vacant—and shall reside in Canton on ordinary administrative business. At Anxiang, those officials holding six-month appointments shall serve as required; the Chinese authorities there will provide him with customary allowances, which shall likewise be recorded in the official memorial.
It falls within his official duties to approach the mandarins and Chinese officials, requesting tranquillity for this village; to oversee the transport of provisions (‘carreys’), to bless the shipments (‘etluy benedey’), and to procure victuals (‘mantimentos’) and all other necessary supplies for the village. Moreover, he must ensure that porters do not smuggle prohibited goods—such as salt, dried fish, meat, pigeons, and other items enumerated (N.º)—thereby preventing any illicit trafficking; indeed, all such contraband shall be strictly interdicted.
He shall appoint village headmen (‘cabeças das casas’) and licensed shopkeepers (‘botiqueiros [legais]’) to supervise commercial dealings with the Chinese, verifying that no unauthorised persons settle upon the land; he shall instruct the headmen to examine such cases rigorously and expel offenders, given the high cost of provisions and the prevalence of individuals who subsist by extortion and illicit exactions.
He shall maintain a permanent representative (‘peços ficy’) in Canton, together with six reliable informants (‘respondentes’) who shall report faithfully and promptly to him concerning any developments—whether disturbances arising from Moi (a local official or faction), crop failures (e.g., ‘pepino queda’—literally ‘cucumber fall’, here likely a colloquial or coded reference to agricultural or fiscal distress), or imperial edicts arriving from the Court (‘vim da Corte’). He shall obtain the three principal official documents (‘três papéis’) so that we may determine our appropriate course of action. He shall also retain a courier for urgent dispatches to Canton when necessary.
The Exmo. (Excellency) shall hold authority over the village’s landed property and other immovable assets (‘emborcécos de terra’), as well as over other properties ordinarily administered in like manner; he shall secure certified copies (‘cópias’) of any improper acts committed—such as unlawful purchases, oaths sworn falsely, or other malpractices—and transmit these to the City authorities and to us (N.º), so that remedial measures may be taken without delay.
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**Translation into Modern UK Academic English**
Each *mia tanta* (a traditional Chinese unit of volume, equivalent to approximately 0.0625 piculs or c. 6.25 kg) of rice shall remain under our authority for us to purchase, sell, and manage at our discretion—subject, however, to the prevailing commercial will of the Chinese merchants. The Chief Factor (*Procurador*) shall likewise ensure a regular supply of diverse provisions (*bagas*), vessels, and lighters (*barcas*), arranging for their collective procurement as required.
He shall exercise particular vigilance to prevent any acts of oppression (*aggravos*) or injury towards the Chinese residents, and shall promptly inform the municipal authorities of any disorders—taking especial care, as such incidents fall within the City’s jurisdiction for investigation and punishment.
Moreover, the Municipal Council (*Câmara*) shall appoint four or five apprentices (*meninos de ofício*), selected from reputable families and possessing a foundational knowledge of written Chinese (*letra chinesa*). These youths may be placed in service only with the express consent of their natural parents or legal guardians, who must voluntarily agree to their engagement by the City. They shall be instructed in the Chinese script, and in the principal texts, laws, and customary practices (*leis e costumes*) of the Chinese community, so that they may eventually serve as sworn municipal jurors (*jurados da cidade*), bound by oath to perform civic duties—including service in the postal administration (*Correios*), attendance at official functions, and other public responsibilities.
No headman (*cabeça*) of the *jurubacas* (a Portuguese rendering of *yārén*, denoting local Chinese community leaders or elders) shall be addressed directly, in person, or in a coarse or disrespectful manner—as though he lacked formal standing. Rather, due regard must be accorded to his status, so that the Mandarins and other respected members of Macau’s Chinese community understand that the City observes proper decorum and avoids any conduct that might be deemed barbarous or indecorous. In recognition of this principle, a small stool (*banquinho*) shall be placed within the municipal chamber for the use of Chinese representatives when conducting official business or accompanying Mandarins on formal visits.
Similarly, when attending the City’s Offices (*Casa dos Ofícios*), Chinese representatives shall be granted seating on equal terms with any *queve* (a Portuguese adaptation of *guān*, meaning ‘official’ or ‘magistrate’) or licensed broker (*corretor*), thereby affirming the formal respect accorded to the Chinese community in Macau’s administrative practice.
Furthermore, no Chinese representative shall travel beyond the city limits—or undertake journeys to distant locations—except in the company of either an enslaved municipal servant (*escravizado da cidade*) or a Portuguese interpreter (*gravy*, likely a phonetic rendering of *gravo* or *gravado*, i.e., a registered or officially appointed interpreter)—who shall accompany him specifically to conduct weighty negotiations (*negócios graves*) with the Mandarins.
Page 5
Pursuant to the Royal Ordinance appointing me to this office with honour, I am required to devote considerable effort to establishing and maintaining proper protocol in all formal interactions with mandarins—particularly concerning seating arrangements, hierarchical precedence, and official ceremonial conduct within the city.
When a high-ranking mandarin visits the city—such as Aitao (Yitao), Quoncifqu (Kongzifu), or the Mandarim de Asiad (i.e., the Mandarin of Asia, a title denoting the senior Chinese imperial official resident in Macau)—the municipal bailiff (*meirinho*) shall formally sally forth to meet him. The bailiff shall then stand immediately before the mandarin’s chair, flanked by two attendants bearing ceremonial *jurubacas* (ceremonial staffs or batons of office): namely, Corrame and Qingua. These two individuals shall constitute the most senior members of the mandarin’s immediate retinue. Two ceremonial platforms (*tábuas*) shall be placed accordingly: one arranged in the Portuguese manner (*charrua portuguesa*), comprising large, ornamental pieces; the other laid out in the Chinese manner (*charrua chinesa*), where two young attendants shall stand facing forward and intone the prescribed phrase: ‘*kdy; estou oprichy*’ (a phonetic rendering of the Cantonese or Macanese Creole expression meaning ‘I am at your service’ or ‘I am here in attendance’). In the absence of such utterance—or should any person fail to step aside from the mandarin’s path—the omission shall be deemed a breach of the customary honours due to the mandarin under his own established protocol (*honrar*).
I am required to exchange formal letters of courtesy (*apelidado*) with Aitao, the Mandarim de Asiad, and Neguiri (a title likely referring to the *Nai Guan Li*, i.e., the ‘Internal Supervisory Official’, an administrative rank in the Qing bureaucracy), setting forth the terms of mutual respect and diplomatic reciprocity between myself and these dignitaries. Such correspondence must be precise, honourable, and unambiguous—affirming the dignity and standing of all parties concerned.
On the designated days for official business in the city—namely Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays—I am obliged to present myself at the relevant municipal offices (*jeda ofícios*), even in the absence of a scheduled hearing or formal petition. On such occasions, I may submit proposals or representations as circumstances require. In addition to these regular duties, I must also attend all extraordinary councils (*consay extraor-dinários*), responding promptly whenever summoned.
My residence must be kept scrupulously clean and well-maintained (*palli*), and I must ensure that appropriate ceremonial coverings (*pez cobrir alguém mandarin destes*)—i.e., embroidered canopies or pavilions used to shelter high-ranking mandarins during processions—are regularly available, particularly when the mandarin is travelling en route to the city of Thé Mégong (a phonetic rendering of *Dà Měng Gāng*, possibly a local Macanese or Cantonese rendering of a place name, though its precise identification remains uncertain and warrants scholarly annotation).
Failure to discharge these duties—or neglect of the prescribed regulations—shall incur disciplinary action by the city authorities, proportionate to the gravity of the offence and the merits of the case. Should I hold the office in question, and should such infractions be substantiated, penalties will be imposed without exception—this being the settled expectation.
My stipend is fixed at [amount redacted/omitted in original] *patacas*, paid biannually in advance: one instalment in January, the second at the beginning of August.
Page 6
**Title:**
The customary fee payable to the *jurubaca* (interpreter–broker) for each vessel, according to its measurement
**Text:**
When vessels arrive, the *jurubacas* shall assemble; the linguistic mediation and brokerage duties shall be divided among them—specifically, the *lingua* (chief interpreter) and two *jurubacas* from the city. A modest gratuity shall be given to the scribes, so that each may share in the work, etc. The *lingua* receives the largest share, followed by the two *jurubacas*, each receiving an equal portion; the scribes likewise receive their due apportionment.
**Heading:**
A register of all *jurubacas*, both competent and incompetent, from which those necessary for service shall be selected and appointed.
**Marginalia (left):**
Endorsement herein: Antonio Lobo, Federode.
**Marginalia (right):**
Ignacio Coelho, Herncio Cardoza.
**Heading:**
Remuneration of the *jurubacas*, indicating those whose competence is established.
**Main text:**
From the measurement (*medição*) of vessels: each vessel incurs a fee payable to the *jurubaca*—a sum of one *pardauz* (a small coin, equivalent to one *pataca* or one-eighth of a *real*), or alternatively five or ten *pardauzes*, depending on the vessel’s tonnage (*jád minha nhuoç*—i.e., ‘as per my assessment’). In years of exceptional maritime traffic—such as occurred recently, when thirty vessels arrived—the minimum number recorded was twenty; of these, three or four were *pardauzes* (i.e., small vessels), or *Bentoç pardauzes* (a colloquial term denoting diminutive craft). Additionally, there is another charge levied upon arrival (*à chegada*), the details of which are also ascertainable.
Page 7
From a ship belonging to the Sam. (São) [name illegible], 200 *vaiis* were granted to the Jurubatãs. This practice is detrimental to the City of Macau. For years, it has been observed—and formally noted in royal ordinances—that the Jurubatãs have jointly appropriated (‘jnt p. 3y’) three vessels, presenting a small ship in place of the stipulated nine *navios de edeyo* (i.e., ships of the official ‘edeyo’ class, a Portuguese colonial term for vessels designated for the annual Macau–Canton trade mission). This deception has brought disgrace upon the Ld. (i.e., the Leal Senado, Macau’s municipal senate), with the Mandarins openly accusing it of substituting small vessels for large ones. Indeed, the discrepancy between the stated and actual tonnage appears to arise from the fact that the said vessels are measured using the *bohamaç* (a local Chinese unit of capacity, approx. 1.5–2 *piculs*, or c. 90–120 kg) rather than standard Portuguese or imperial measures.
One such vessel—designated ‘Heys Addicos’ (a phonetic rendering of the Chinese name, possibly *Yi De Ke* or similar)—is stationed at Monte (i.e., Guia Hill, Macau), where it serves as a supply vessel for the Jurubatãs, in accordance with equity and established custom. Each merchant (*Mercer*) is required to contribute his share; those merchants who regularly supply provisions (*mercês que Mad serve de ordinario*), as well as others engaged in the *Reda* (i.e., the *Reda* or *Redação*, the formalised system of licensed provisioning contracts administered by the Leal Senado), must likewise comply. Upon entry into the port, these obligations are subject to oversight by the relevant authorities—the *outros* (i.e., the fiscal officers or *provedores* appointed by the Senate).
The Jurubatã who attends the market (*feira*) receives an allowance of 25 *vaiis*; the other, assigned to the voyage, receives 25 *vaiis*, making a total of 50 *vaiis*. These payments are due to the *Dfor* (i.e., the *Defensor*, or Defender of the Rights of the Senate—a senior judicial and administrative office within the Leal Senado), in addition to those already stipulated in ordinance. Such disbursements reflect the considerable expense incurred by the office and its incumbent’s sustained efforts—indeed, he is persistently burdened with the risk of being held accountable (*Acputado*, i.e., *acusado*: formally charged or censured) for any shortfall or irregularity.