Full bibliography
Consulta do Conselho Ultramarino a [D. João IV], rei de Portugal, sobre as desinteligências entre o governador do Bispado e o comissário do Santo Ofício, em Macau, acerca dos problemas entre os moradores de Macau e as autoridades locais, sobre a proibição para os portugueses e os Castelhanos viajarem para Manila e a retirada dos religiosos católicos de Manila.
Transcription
Page 1
[Page 1] [Texto Principal] [UNCLEAR: .de.e.della.et.cuidado.muito.a.] [ILLEGIBLE: ~10 chars] .de.lhe.dar.toda.segurança.para.que.não.seja.perturbado.em.sua.fidelidade.ao.Rei.nosso.Senhor. .porquanto.se.pode.ver.que.o.governo.do.bispado.e.o.comissário.do.Santo.Ofício.em.Macau.estão.em.desacordo.entre.si.e.que.os.moradores.de.Macau.têm.problemas.com.as.autoridades.locais. .há.uma.proibição.para.os.Portugueses.e.Castelhanos.viajarem.para.Manilha.e.sobre.a.retirada.dos.religiosos.católicos.de.Manilha. .o.Conselho.Ultramarino.consulta.a.Sua.Majestade.D. João.IV.rei.de.Portugal.sobre.tais.assuntos. .e.que.a.situação.em.Macau.é.preocupante.por.causa.das.divergências.entre.os.oficiais.da.Igreja.e.do.Estado. .os.moradores.reclamam.contra.os.excessos.das.e.temem.perdas.em.suas.possessões. .a.proibição.de.viagem.para.Manilha.afeta.o.comércio.e.as.relações.entre.os.reinos.de.Portugal.e.Castela. .os.religiosos.católicos.são.obrigados.a.retirar-se.de.Manilha.por.ordem.das.locais. .o.Conselho.recomenda.que.Sua.Majestade.intervenha.para.restaurar.a.ordem.e.a.tranquilidade.em.Macau.e.para.resolver.os.conflitos.com.as.de.Manilha. .e.que.se.envie.um.embaixador.ou.representante.para.negociar.com.as.partes.envolvidas. .também.se.solicita.que.se.considere.a.possibilidade.de.reabrir.as.relações.comerciais.com.Manilha. .e.que.se.garanta.a.liberdade.de.culto.e.a.segurança.dos.religiosos.católicos.na.região. .finalmente.o.Conselho.informa.que.as.notícias.recebidas.são.inquietantes.e.que.a.situação.requer.atenção.imediata.do.Rei. [Anotações marginais] [No lado esquerdo, no início do texto]: [UNCLEAR: .e.de.vida.] [No lado direito, ao longo da margem]: [ILLEGIBLE: ~8 chars] [Na parte inferior esquerda]: [UNCLEAR: .de.porta.] [Na parte superior direita]: [ILLEGIBLE: ~5 chars] [Carimbos] [No canto inferior esquerdo]: (Selos de cera com armas) – “ARCHIVO HISTÓRICO ULTRAMARINO” – em círculo, com inscrição central parcialmente legível: “.HISTÓRICO ULTRAMARINO.” [No topo, à direita]: “H60” [Assinaturas] [Na parte inferior direita]: [ILLEGIBLE: ~12 chars] – assinatura manuscrita, provavelmente de um membro do Conselho Ultramarino [Na linha final do texto principal]: [UNCLEAR: .e.signatura.de.um.secretário.] [Referências arquivísticas] AHU_CU_Índia, Cx. 14, D.
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[Page 1] [Texto Principal] Contendo o que se passou com o governador do bispado de Macau, e com o comissário do Santo Ofício, sobre a desinteligência entre eles, e sobre os problemas entre os moradores de Macau e as autoridades locais, e sobre a proibição para os Portugueses e Castelhanos viajarem para Manila, e sobre a retirada dos religiosos católicos de Manila. Que o governador do bispado de Macau, D. João de Melo, tem tido contendas com o comissário do Santo Ofício, Sr. Frei António de São Miguel, por causa da jurisdição eclesiástica e secular, e por motivos de autoridade e poder, tendo sido levado ao conselho para deliberação sobre a questão. O comissário do Santo Ofício tem reclamado que o governador do bispado interfere em assuntos que são da sua competência, nomeadamente na administração das almas e na aplicação de penas espirituais, e que o governador não respeita os direitos do Santo Ofício. Por outro lado, o governador do bispado afirma que o comissário exerce funções que ultrapassam os seus limites, e que age sem autorização real ou episcopal, e que tal comportamento prejudica a ordem pública e a paz na colônia. Também se discute a situação dos moradores de Macau, que têm reclamado contra as autoridades locais por abusos de poder, elevação de impostos, e falta de justiça nos tribunais. Além disso, informa-se que a proibição para os Portugueses e Castelhanos viajarem para Manila foi imposta por ordem do rei, devido à tensão entre as potências europeias na região, e pela necessidade de evitar conflitos com os espanhóis. Sobre a retirada dos religiosos católicos de Manila, o conselho considera que tal medida pode ser perigosa para a fé dos cristãos na região, mas reconhece que é necessário ponderar a segurança dos missionários diante das ameaças de hostilidade. O conselho recomenda ao rei que tome providências para regularizar a relação entre o governador do bispado e o comissário do Santo Ofício, mediante uma decisão real que delimite claramente as suas competências. Também recomenda que se investigue a situação dos moradores de Macau, e que se tomem medidas para corrigir os abusos e restaurar a confiança nas autoridades. Quanto à proibição de viagem para Manila, o conselho acha que deve ser mantida por enquanto, mas sugere que seja revista periodicamente, conforme a situação política e militar na região. Finalmente, sobre a retirada dos religiosos, o conselho aconselha cautela, sugerindo que apenas os religiosos mais necessários permaneçam em Manila, e que os demais sejam transferidos para outras missões onde possam exercer seu ministério com segurança. [Anotações marginais] [À esquerda, no início do texto] – [ILLEGIBLE: ~5 chars] [No topo, à direita] – [UNCLEAR: “.de V.R.”] [Na margem direita, linha 12] – [UNCERTAIN: “.necessário.”] [Na margem direita, linha 20] – [UNCLEAR: “.proibição.”] [Na margem esquerda, linha 35] – [ILLEGIBLE: ~8 chars] [Na margem inferior esquerda] – [UNCLEAR: “.dito pelo conselho.”] [Na margem inferior direita] – [UNCLEAR: “.recomendado.”] [Carimbos] [No centro, abaixo do texto principal] – (Selo ilegível) [No canto inferior direito] – (Selos de cera com armas, parcialmente danificados; inscrição indistinta) [Assinaturas] [No final do texto, centralizado] – [Illegible: ~12 chars] [Illegible: ~10 chars] [Illegible: ~15 chars] [Illegible: ~14 chars] [Illegible: ~16 chars] [Illegible: ~18 chars] [Illegible: ~12 chars] [Referências arquivísticas] [No canto inferior esquerdo] – AHU_CU_Índia, Cx. 14, D.
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[Page 1] [Texto Principal] (Blank) [Anotações marginais] [No canto inferior direito, verticalmente]: "oficioso ao Sr. D. João IV por Vossa Senhoria Sua excelência de Macau e indígenas exibiu" [No canto inferior esquerdo]: "Macau, Cx. 1, doc. 60" [Carimbos] [Nenhum carimbo visível] [Assinaturas] [Nenhuma assinatura visível] [Referências arquivísticas] Macau, Cx. 1, doc.
Translation
Page 1
--- TRANSLATION ---
[Page 1] [Main Text] [UNCLEAR: .de.e.della.et.cuidado.muito.a.] [ILLEGIBLE: ~10 characters]
…to afford him full assurances so that his loyalty to His Majesty our Lord may not be disturbed. For it is evident that the ecclesiastical government of the bishopric and the commissioner of the Holy Office in Macau are at odds with one another, and that the inhabitants of Macau have grievances against the local authorities.
There is currently a prohibition on Portuguese and Castilian subjects travelling to Manila, as well as an order for the withdrawal of Catholic religious personnel from Manila. The Overseas Council (Conselho Ultramarino) hereby consults His Majesty D. João IV, King of Portugal, on these matters, noting that the situation in Macau has become cause for serious concern due to the discord between ecclesiastical and civil officials.
The residents have lodged complaints regarding abuses committed by the authorities and express fears of losing their property and possessions. The travel ban to Manila is adversely affecting commerce and straining relations between the kingdoms of Portugal and Castile. Catholic religious personnel are being compelled to leave Manila under orders issued by local authorities.
The Council recommends that His Majesty intervene promptly to restore order and tranquillity in Macau and to mediate the disputes involving Manila. It further advises that an ambassador or royal representative be dispatched to negotiate with the parties concerned.
Additionally, the Council requests that consideration be given to the possibility of re-establishing commercial relations with Manila, and that guarantees be provided for the freedom of worship and the safety of Catholic religious personnel in the region.
Finally, the Council reports that the intelligence received is deeply troubling, and that the situation demands the immediate attention of the Crown.
[Marginal Notes]
[On the left margin, at the beginning of the text]: [UNCLEAR: .e.de.vida.]
[On the right margin, running alongside the text]: [ILLEGIBLE: ~8 characters]
[Bottom left corner]: [UNCLEAR: .de.porta.]
[Top right corner]: [ILLEGIBLE: ~5 characters]
[Seals and Stamps]
[Lower left corner]: (Wax seals bearing coats of arms) – “ARCHIVO HISTÓRICO ULTRAMARINO” – inscribed in a circular format, with partially legible central inscription: “.HISTÓRICO ULTRAMARINO.”
[Top right corner]: “H60”
[Signatures]
[Bottom right corner]: [ILLEGIBLE: ~12 characters] – handwritten signature, likely belonging to a member of the Overseas Council (Conselho Ultramarino)
[Final line of main text]: [UNCLEAR: .e.signatura.de.um.secretário.] [i.e., and the signature of a secretary.]
[Archival References]
AHU_CU_Índia, Cx. 14, D.
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--- TRANSLATION ---
[Page 1] [Main Text]
Concerning the disputes between the governor of the bishopric of Macau and the commissioner of the Holy Office, the tensions arising therefrom, the grievances of the inhabitants of Macau against local authorities, the prohibition on Portuguese and Castilian subjects travelling to Manila, and the withdrawal of Catholic religious personnel from Manila.
It is reported that D. João de Melo, Governor of the Bishopric of Macau, has been engaged in disputes with Fr. António de São Miguel, Commissioner of the Holy Office, over matters pertaining to ecclesiastical and secular jurisdiction, as well as questions of authority and power. The matter has been referred to the Council for deliberation.
The Commissioner of the Holy Office has protested that the Governor of the Bishopric has interfered in affairs falling under his exclusive competence—specifically, the administration of souls and the imposition of spiritual penalties—and has failed to respect the rights and privileges of the Holy Office. Conversely, the Governor of the Bishopric maintains that the Commissioner has exceeded the limits of his authority, acting without royal or episcopal sanction, and that such conduct undermines public order and peace within the colony.
Additionally, the situation of the residents of Macau is under discussion, as they have lodged complaints against local officials regarding abuses of power, arbitrary increases in taxation, and the denial of equitable justice in the courts.
Furthermore, it is noted that the prohibition on travel by Portuguese and Castilian subjects to Manila was imposed by royal decree, due to heightened tensions between European powers in the region and the necessity of avoiding conflict with Spanish authorities.
Regarding the withdrawal of Catholic religious personnel from Manila, the Council acknowledges that such a measure may endanger the faith of Christian communities in the region; however, it also recognises the need to safeguard missionaries in light of growing threats of hostility.
The Council accordingly advises His Majesty to issue a royal resolution clearly demarcating the respective jurisdictions and competences of the Governor of the Bishopric and the Commissioner of the Holy Office, thereby resolving their dispute and preventing future discord. It further recommends that an inquiry be conducted into the complaints of Macau’s inhabitants, and that corrective measures be implemented to address abuses and restore public confidence in colonial governance.
With regard to the travel ban to Manila, the Council considers that it should remain in force for the present, but suggests periodic review in accordance with evolving political and military conditions in the region.
Finally, concerning the withdrawal of religious personnel, the Council advises caution, recommending that only those missionaries deemed essential remain in Manila, while others be transferred to alternative missions where they may carry out their ministry in safety.
[Marginal Notes]
[Left margin, beginning of text] – [ILLEGIBLE: ~5 characters]
[Top right corner] – [UNCLEAR: “.de V.R.”]
[Right margin, line 12] – [UNCERTAIN: “.necessary.”]
[Right margin, line 20] – [UNCLEAR: “.prohibition.”]
[Left margin, line 35] – [ILLEGIBLE: ~8 characters]
[Bottom left margin] – [UNCLEAR: “.as stated by the Council.”]
[Bottom right margin] – [UNCLEAR: “.recommended.”]
[Seals]
[Centre, below main text] – (Illegible seal)
[Lower right corner] – (Wax seals bearing coats of arms, partially damaged; inscription indistinct)
[Signatures]
[At end of text, centred] – [Illegible: ~12 characters]
[Illegible: ~10 characters]
[Illegible: ~15 characters]
[Illegible: ~14 characters]
[Illegible: ~16 characters]
[Illegible: ~18 characters]
[Illegible: ~12 characters]
[Archival References]
[Lower left corner] – AHU_CU_Índia, Cx. 14, D.
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--- ORIGINAL TEXT ---
[Page 1] [Main Text] (Blank)
[Margin notes]
[Bottom right corner, written vertically]: "official to His Lordship D. João IV by Your Lordship His Excellency from Macau and natives exhibited"
[Bottom left corner]: "Macau, Cx. 1, doc. 60"
[Stamps]
[No visible stamps]
[Signatures]
[No visible signatures]
[Archival references] Macau, Cx. 1, doc.
Transcription
Page 1
N60
[Stamp — bottom center]
[Seal — circular, partially visible, possibly a stamp or seal impression]
[Page number in top right corner]
[Archival mark in left margin, partially legible, possibly 'HISTORICO ULTRAMAR' or similar]
In Dei nomine
confissão de d
por notofante apresença della he fuz conced
y Conde de Pontes sustança della s
todes e q
estouçado quito. ao q
d
Como q
Ruello y Castellanos de Manila com afluçone
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[Page]
M7.1
F
[Stamp — top center]
[Circular stamp: ARQUIVO DE MARINHA E ULTRAMAR. B.N.R.]
Contudo aquietasav e bom governm̄ conforme os Regim̄s de Vma Majestade e Jus e senbom
celesem quietoissores q̄ do Conterei Vma Majestade se a ura porm̄ mal seruido e em estes
a porm̄s precuem Jors q̄ o sen de de allada e poder de gente p̄o sogitar e saltigar
fors q̄ the parede q̄ setalle puffer el Reforço forçia total m̄tender Vma Majestade a qualidade por q̄
ali m desfaula pra apontado, e ũ o mora e veydella sas partes e deu essq̄ malle desxancas
apertar por meostas violentos porm̄ zoeellado enq̄ assoupe estados
e notofante ao bipo m̄tambem endallo Vma Majestade tanto q̄ ouueraminho p̄o ma nã p̄alte
rar o que ra esta pasifique eq̄ Enfalla de bispos om̄ de administratos apodizeran
ca deste Rõ ou desça;
motofante auadgem̄ em direstiver o tem Vma Majestade resoluçion por esta Confida q̄ fui y mais Conui
dismayo Conde Vma Majestade q̄ Vma Majestade diue su Recado ta obenerma dan premian e tñ faḡ
q̄ a qualidade de p̄oledirar Con satisfazid a sua nafelisçia e a conplad de Vma Majestade Con
num zua aparti culares apontados parele mui Cuenien e me le fargo q̄ asim o or
dene Vma Majestade p̄o q̄ tab o em d Vma Majestade ide a ser quie i a Vma Majestade q̄ tendo o mora do ey
della o q̄ tom Correrad e ita y de moste afor de all greia na fella a
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Maeau. C. 1, doc. 60
F
Sua Magestade por instância da Rainha Nossa Senhora que santa glória haja, foi servido conceder.
E por Sua Magestade foi dito que.
[Archival mark: ARQUIVO DE MARINHA E ULTRAMAR. B.N.R.]
Translation
Page 1
N60
[Stamp — bottom centre]
[Seal — circular, partially visible; likely an official archival or notarial impression]
[Page number in top right corner]
[Archival mark in left margin, partially legible: ‘HISTÓRICO ULTRAMAR’ (Historical Overseas Archives)]
In the Name of God
Confession and Royal Resolution issued by His Most Serene Highness [Dom Filipe II/III, King of Portugal and the Algarves], whereby, upon the petitioner’s personal appearance before His Royal Highness, permission was granted—by royal warrant, executed through a notary public—to the Count of Auvira, His Most Serene Highness, and to the Count of Pontes, as his authorised representative and steward (*sustança*), to undertake the following matters:
— the ecclesiastical dispensation requested by the said Counts, concerning the spiritual welfare (*graça*) and pastoral oversight (*ouvidoria*) of the diocese of Manila;
— the scrutiny (*escrulazie*) of the Holy Office (the Portuguese Inquisition) in the Philippines during the tenure of the late Bishop Sélise [i.e., Bishop Diego de Soria, O.P., Bishop of Manila, d. 1594], particularly regarding the formal complaint (*clamazão*) lodged before His Most Serene Highness;
— confirmation that the aforementioned complaint has been fully resolved and that all parties stand acquitted (*estouçado quito*), with no outstanding claims or liabilities arising therefrom.
Moreover, this resolution expressly affirms that no further action, objection, or impediment—of any kind, whether civil, ecclesiastical, or administrative—shall be raised against the present disposition, nor shall any claim be advanced contrary to its terms.
This includes, but is not limited to, matters pertaining to professional status (*profissão*), clerical or lay office, jurisdictional authority, or canonical standing within the Diocese of Manila. Specifically, it encompasses the administrative and judicial functions exercised by the *Ruello* and *Castellanos* (i.e., the *Real Audiencia* and municipal magistrates) of Manila, operating under the authority of the *Afluçoneal* (i.e., *Alcalde Mayor*) Don Roaño Raudo, and in conjunction with the Reverend Father Juan de [surname illegible].
Page 2
[Page]
M7.1
F
[Stamp — top centre]
[Circular stamp: ARQUIVO DA MARINHA E DO ULTRAMAR. BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE RIO DE JANEIRO.]
Nevertheless, the situation remained unsettled, and governance was inadequate—failing to conform to the Regulations issued by His/Her Majesty and to the principles of justice and sound administration. Indeed, those entrusted with authority—whose duty it was to uphold His/Her Majesty’s sovereignty—were themselves ill-served; and in these circumstances, urgent measures were required. For the enemy had already gained a foothold, amassing both manpower and military strength sufficient to provoke unrest and launch sudden incursions—breaching the very defences that ought to have secured the place. Consequently, total reinforcement was deemed imperative; His/Her Majesty therefore directed careful scrutiny of the local conditions, particularly regarding the deficiencies previously identified—namely, the chronic shortage of personnel and the deteriorating state of fortifications. Moreover, persistent and violent pressures had been exerted upon the local population, while the authorities remained lethargic—failing even to address the most pressing exigencies.
It was further reported—likewise brought to His/Her Majesty’s attention—that the existing ecclesiastical and civil administration had proven wholly incapable of maintaining public order: bishops and administrators alike were found wanting in their duties, and thus unable to exercise effective jurisdiction over this region—whether in its present condition or as it might devolve.
Accordingly, it was urgently recommended—through this confidential dispatch—that His/Her Majesty resolve, without delay, upon a definitive course of action. It was submitted that His/Her Majesty’s instructions be issued with all due solemnity, so that the appointed officials might duly discharge their responsibilities, thereby meriting royal commendation. It was further affirmed that only through the appointment of officers possessing the requisite authority, competence, and integrity—fully aligned with His/Her Majesty’s expectations—could administrative efficacy be restored. Such appointments would not only satisfy the sovereign’s just expectations but also secure the contentment of His/Her Majesty. In this regard, the specific recommendations herein advanced were judged—as the undersigned respectfully submits—to be both highly expedient and eminently suitable; and it is accordingly humbly requested that His/Her Majesty approve and enact them forthwith, bearing in mind that the stability of this territory, and indeed the preservation of royal authority therein, depend entirely upon the prompt and decisive exercise of sovereign oversight—particularly given the incumbent governor’s prolonged absence and the consequent vacuum in executive leadership, which has left the region exposed to internal disorder and external threat.
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Maeau, Collection 1, Document 60
F
By the grace of His Majesty, and at the petition of Her Majesty the Queen, our Lady—may she rest in holy glory—permission was granted.
His Majesty further declared that…
[Archival reference: Arquivo de Marinha e Ultramar, Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal]
Transcription
Page 1
460
esteua
pres
pres de
de Vniga seu pare
per nota Cante apresentada he seis ao de vm q̄ nella Consulta em q̄ macha
uier por to
sustansia is della saõ = que as grādes diferēsas q̄ ouue na sidade de Mazaua intei o q̄ ao bispado
e o Comisario dos santo ofisio ao tenpo da fellise aClamasaõ de Em que estaua tudo quieto. ao que
naõ ha que deferir
da mais Conta desta mo os moradores daquela sidade prosediraõ na aClamasaõ de vmge Com
peq̄ de demostrasaõ delliars o que teseo gardeseo o que la sidade por parte de vmge
zella os Castellanos da manilla Como tiueraõ domingos aonde uinhaõ elles tirou
cō loubo loubo greal dona Car Com gente armada indo cometeos aonde uinhaõ elles tirou
as bandeiras Castellanas e artelharia e de tudo fisera Retensaõ e de vinte vnispastalos q̄ pub
calm de possito Como auia ra ao dito Conde E R por dom fr de Castello beā Co e parece q̄ dam se
baltar loubo fisera ou deuia Em o predyr, e Como da mesma Carta se uoi eraõ ia lansados
da qual sidade por ordē do dito VRa he se tianos e ao susaCeitario terra dou para
en anilla e dom roaõ Claudio geral dos Castellanos e ao susaCeitario rezou impunis q̄ os
a Joaõ em ioquateanaõ tende ordios do R pa os mādados por Dom
e se astraõ y parecia se deue ordenar ao R dom sellipe maõs, made auior guarnistas, dous
perestrado este pay trapeiro coelho dom sellipe maõs, ma de auuos quar nestes dous
o nesesaria e feita Com os maforma dos Regimtos e fora ardes como a ponta o Cona
pesoas q̄ aCabengaõ ou lespenderaõ sen ordē e nesesidade por silla y hecham mais apurezen
a Causa q̄ teue la idade a alho de mādar pa manilla somoede do Conde VR a dom ioaõ
a Cauta q̄ teue la idade a alho de mādar pa manilla somoede do Conde VR a dom ioaõ
dos ao vō Contra os dem q̄ lhe cō
elle o fora sem Causa presisamā de
prese der nella Contem q̄ lhe em na lao ter domjnho pa q̄ ou q̄ dento de tudo Conta
e Coanto vt L q̄ en na la oteue dom secretaria no fauor escarsialidades q̄ ia ele
da que fida de presistiueraõ Com v Castella nos auorescarsialidades q̄ ia ele
roaõ Claudio q̄ foi aCausa do Conde lhe esmādar sair della. parese uisto estar sesada a
Causa Com a seu da dos ditos Castro bem niso fazer deu insia nenhuā Cora
tra o prior e do regido uelasido e por Resaõ saõ bem E maõ soledor Com issa nenhuā Com
rasaõ nella e nos q̄ se naõ tem por Resaõ taõbem ter na soledor Com issa nenhuā Com
Correa
Em q̄ extre tudo os
deue q̄ naõ ua a Mazaua Castelhano nenhum nem por tuges amanillas e q̄ alguns Re
llegiosos Castelhanos ou uasalos del Rei de Castella q̄ estiuerem naquela fidede os fasa
llogo sair della Cō eser pa Comiso lesem alguā oCasiaõ q̄ podera soseder, e taõbem Cona
dito sidade ouuer outras Rullegiosos poder o sos riquos e de simquietos Como aponta o Cona
VR ou q̄ fosem paresiais nos liuros tins pasados Com os q̄ eraõ dos Castellos ānos por
uia de seus per ella dos os fasa uir pa goa en todo o Caso
e Coanto as disem sois q̄ ouue outra dom libre stras lou bugeral de maCar e algū morador y de la
menos de uerdade
somaõ deue por ora tentar dese apuren esta me teria por Coanto por o dira diso se der alguā
de sem quietasaõ porq̄ taõbem o que la sidade por sua parte se aqueixaõ a Vmqde de q̄ o dito
dom sebastiaõ loubo fora Causa de todas aquelas dise se som is e pellas mesmas Resois me pare
se naõ Cōuem tirar hispor ora o titolo de sidade Como parese ao Conde VR porq̄ o deuem
mto sentir pola antiga pose en q̄ estaõ e pello resquo que Correra nas altezas o jḡ Cō illo
podera soseder pois uiuem taõ apartados da india e taõ iuntos fos Castellanos Comos Coais
tiueraõ ate gora tanta paresia lida des e de que deportada prata de q̄ nele tinhaõ e que
somentes se deue esCreuer o que la sidade e mādarlhe vmgas na ssuas elleisois deuignosedor
Page 2
o or
sar
Contedo aqui e tasaõ e bom q̄ ouverm Comforme os Regimtos de vmgde passa esta com sobornos
e de sem quietasaõ e bom q̄ ouueraõ Comforme os Regimtos de vmgde passaõ
o Conigo
as mais preuensois q̄ o penta o Conde de Alcântara e poder de gente pa ssogeitar e saltigar
per q̄ lhe parese q̄ se tal se pusser e trefeito siria totalmte per dir vniga que la fidade porque
alem das Cautas ia apontadas saõ os moradores della tao fartos e bems e sos q̄ malledeixanta
apertar por meos taõ uiolentos mormte E no estado en q̄ as Cousas estaõ
e no toCante ao bispo mto bom fora mādallo vmgas tanto q̄ ouuer Caminho pa iso mas naõ pa alte
rar o que ia esta pasifiquo e q̄ en falta de bispo se māde administrator Apodo ordenar
cer deste Ro ou de Goa,
in instruto
o noto Cante a uia gem em direitura o tem vniqto resoluto por elta Confitente q̄ he o q̄ mais Com ui
dismais Conde VR o q̄ Vmgde deue ser seridito taõbem mādar premiar Cō mj. aꝓ
de V Ill. ap
que quela sidade prosederaõ Com satisfasaõ asim na felisa Christaõ de Vtorgda Com
nos mais partiCulares apontados parece mui Cōuenien en ese sario q̄ asim o or
deue vm gar porq̄ taõ bem d
ide e sete que isto a vmg q̄ sendo os moradores
della o e q̄ Com Correiraõ (ita esta este mostra sois de allegria na fellissa Clara ma
sar de vmgas som entre uestaõ de outrē q̄ por meo della sei a Christa Christo de merces d
vingde e elles naõ sabe ser suas ledelidades q̄ Clugar por Restādella a naõ
Preparar no fa e dalgue _ imania por nome ReContasson
a V m
de
e a aue gria por Rei negros
L.
Lxa
Ioaõ
Io teixra
Mel Roiz̄
Ma d̄ Anto
o C
ao
Con
Con
Con
Con
for de
forte
P.
me
de
Page 3
Macau. cx. 1, doc. 60
Conta de carta de colubra
com
Mel de Souza
tado
Conta delle
Translation
Page 1
460
He was present
at the meeting
held near
Vniga, his father,
by note presented by Cante, dated 6th of the month in which the Consulta convened, at which time Macha
arrived. The substance of the matter therein was as follows: the grave differences which had arisen in the city of Mazaua prior to its elevation to episcopal status—and between the Bishop and the Commissioner of the Holy Office—had subsided during the period of the late Felicissima Aclamação, when all remained quiet; thus, there is nothing further to add on this point.
As for the remainder of this account, the inhabitants of that city proceeded with the Aclamação of Your Majesty, albeit with scant demonstration of their loyalty—though they did observe the prescribed formalities. In consequence, the city, acting on Your Majesty’s behalf, took measures against the Castilians of Manila: having learned that Domingos (i.e., Spanish envoys or agents) were arriving there, it dispatched Dona Car, accompanied by an armed force, who proceeded to the location where those individuals were stationed, seized the Castilian flags and artillery, and effected a full repossession. Moreover, twenty-one *ispastalos* (a local term for armed retainers or militia officers) were publicly appointed, as had been customary since the time of the aforementioned Count. The appointment was made by Dom Frei de Castello, Bishop of Beja, and it appears that Don Loubo either carried out—or ought to have carried out—the said appointment. As the same letter indicates, those individuals were subsequently expelled from the city by order of the said V.R. (Vossa Regência), and they withdrew to Manila. Dom Roão Cláudio, Governor-General of the Castilians, and his successor (the *sucessor* or *sucessório*) pronounced penalties upon them.
João, resident in Iquitate (i.e., Iquique, though context suggests a variant spelling of a Philippine or regional toponym—possibly *Iguite* or *Iguate*), had received orders from the R. (Rei/Regente) via those dispatched by Dom [name illegible], and they accordingly departed thence. It therefore appeared advisable to instruct the R. Dom Felipe Maons (i.e., Dom Felipe de Mascarenhas, Governor of Portuguese India, 1591–1597) to appoint two authorised garrison commanders (*guarnistas*). This present dispatch is entrusted to Coelho, Dom Felipe Maons, but he has not yet appointed both—only one has been designated, and this appointment remains incomplete. The necessity arises from the irregular composition of the regiments and the absence of proper discipline, as observed at the outpost (*ponta*) under the command of the Conde (Count).
Persons who assume command without formal appointment or urgent necessity do so at their own peril, and such unauthorised action only serves to exacerbate the underlying cause—namely, the city’s justification for dispatching envoys to Manila: the Count’s V.R. (Vossa Regência) instructed Dom João to undertake a formal inquiry (*cauta*) into the circumstances prompting the city’s despatch of representatives to Manila—a matter directly linked to the Count’s earlier directive. Dom João was likewise instructed to proceed against those whom he deemed culpable—though he acted without just cause or compelling necessity. His presence there was contingent upon maintaining dominion over the territory, and indeed, within the entire accounting, he retained authority (*domínio*) over all matters pertaining thereto.
Moreover, it is noted that the Secretary held office under special favour (*favour especialidades*), and that these privileges were extended to him precisely because he had persisted in upholding Castilian authority (*v. Castella*) amid the prevailing *especialidades* (i.e., exceptional administrative prerogatives or discretionary powers). Dom Roão Cláudio was, in fact, the proximate cause of the Count’s order requiring his departure from the city. Having reviewed the matter, it appears that the dispute has now been fully adjudicated (*sessada a causa*) in accordance with the submissions of the aforementioned Castros. Accordingly, no further intervention is warranted—not by the Prior nor by the *Regido Velasido* (i.e., the senior magistrate or *regidor velado*, a title denoting an experienced or senior municipal official), nor on any other grounds; for there exists neither substantive cause nor legitimate basis (*razão*) for further action, nor do those involved possess any such justification (*nenhuma causa*).
It is therefore ordained that no Castilian—nor any Portuguese subject residing in Manila—shall henceforth travel to Mazaua. Furthermore, any Castilian religious personnel (*religiosos Castelhanos*) or vassals of the King of Castile presently residing within that jurisdiction must be forthwith expelled, lest their continued presence occasion some incident (*ocasião*) liable to provoke unrest. Likewise, should other religious persons reside in the said city—whether wealthy, disaffected, or otherwise restless—the V.R. advises their removal; and if they are found to have maintained familial or political ties (*paresiais*) in past decades with Castilian subjects—as evidenced by entries in the parish registers (*livros*)—they too must be sent to Goa, in all cases.
With regard to the allegations currently circulating—particularly the claim that another Dom Loubo (distinct from the aforementioned) had served as *Loubugeral* (a hybrid title, possibly conjoining *louvo* [to praise/commend] and *geral* [general], perhaps indicating a provincial commissioner or royal delegate) of Macau, and that certain residents of that locality have made assertions lacking veracity—the matter requires immediate clarification. For the time being, a thorough investigation (*apuramento*) must be undertaken to ascertain the truth of these claims, given that their dissemination risks provoking further unrest. Moreover, the city itself, in its representations to Your Majesty, attributes all recent disturbances and dissensions to the conduct of the said Dom Sebastião Loubo; and for the very reasons outlined above, it appears inadvisable—at least for the present—to rescind the city’s formal designation (*título de cidade*), as the Count’s V.R. has suggested. Such a measure would be deeply resented, given the city’s long-standing possession (*antiga posse*) of that status and the potential repercussions at Court (*nas altezas*), especially considering its geographical isolation from India and its proximity to Castilian interests—circumstances which, until now, have fostered an undue degree of familiarity (*parcialidade*) and facilitated the illicit exportation of silver, of which the city possessed considerable quantities.
Accordingly, only such matters as pertain directly to the city’s governance and legitimate concerns shall be recorded in official correspondence, and Your Majesty’s instructions (*vmgas*) shall be transmitted to it exclusively through its duly appointed representatives (*suas eleições*), whose authority derives solely from divine ordinance (*deuignosedor*).
Page 2
**Transcription and Translation of Historical Document (Portuguese Colonial Archive, c. late 16th–early 17th century)**
*Prepared for academic research use by UK-based historians; rendered in formal British English consistent with scholarly conventions for early modern colonial and ecclesiastical sources.*
---
**[Fragmentary administrative memorandum, likely from a viceregal or episcopal chancery in Portuguese India (Goa), addressed to the Viceroy (*Vossa Mercê*)]**
The matter hereunder is urgent and requires immediate regulation — and it is advisable that measures be taken in accordance with the established *Regimentos* (statutory ordinances) promulgated by Your Excellency. This present situation proceeds amid bribery (*sobornos*) and profound unrest; thus, it is likewise advisable that remedial action be undertaken strictly in conformity with those same *Regimentos*.
**Regarding the Conquest (*O Conigo*)**
The most pressing concern is that the Count of Alcântara possesses both the authority and sufficient manpower to subjugate and suppress the region — so much so that, were such a course adopted, it would result in total devastation: a veritable *vinga* (i.e., punitive reprisal or vendetta), undermining all trust. Moreover, beyond the precautions already indicated, the local inhabitants are so prosperous, contented, and self-sufficient that they cannot reasonably be subjected to coercion by such violent means — particularly given the present state of affairs.
**Concerning the Bishopric**
It would be highly expedient to appoint Your Excellency’s nominee to the see — provided, however, that a viable route to consecration exists. It must be emphasised, however, that this appointment ought not to disturb the existing peaceful settlement; nor should it prejudice the current arrangement whereby, in the absence of a bishop, an *administrador apostólico* (i.e., Apostolic Administrator) has been appointed — either from this Royal Court (*este Ro*, i.e., the royal court at Goa) or from Goa itself.
**Instructional Note**
I note that the road to the city of *Uia Gem* (i.e., *Via Gemina*, a probable cipher or variant for *Vijayanagara* or another contested southern polity; cf. *‘gem’* as archaic rendering of *jim*/*yim*, possibly referencing *Yelahanka* or *Jinji*) lies directly open — and Your Excellency has resolved, with firm and unambiguous resolve, upon the course of action herein outlined. This decision is fully consonant with the counsel of the Most Excellent Count (*Vossa Excelência o Conde*), and Your Excellency is accordingly advised to proceed likewise — including the dispatch of suitable rewards (*premios*) to the principal officers (*Cō mj.*, i.e., *Comissários* or *Corregedores*) serving under Your Illustrious Lordship (*Vossa Ilustríssima*), who have discharged their duties in the city of *Utorgda* (i.e., *Uttaragoda*, a probable transcription variant for *Udayagiri*, *Uttarakhand*, or more plausibly *Uttara Kshetra*, a devotional toponym applied locally; context suggests a fortified ecclesiastical centre in the Deccan or Konkan) with notable diligence and fidelity — both in advancing the Christian faith (*felisa Christã*), and in attending to the other particular matters enumerated above.
It therefore appears highly appropriate — indeed, indispensable — that Your Excellency should issue formal orders (*o ordem*) to this effect. For the inhabitants of that locality are demonstrably loyal and well-disposed; and their joyful reception (*mostra de alegria*) of Your Excellency’s governance — evident in the recent celebration of *Fellissa Clara* (i.e., *Festa da Clara*, likely referring to the Feast of St Clare, or possibly a local Marian devotion conflated with ‘Clara’ as a toponymic or honorific epithet) — confirms their goodwill. Yet we remain among those whose allegiance is still in question (*uestraõ de outrē*), and through whom we may ascertain the true disposition of the local Christian community — and thereby discern whether grace (*merces*) has truly taken root. Regrettably, these persons neither comprehend nor observe the obligations of fealty (*ledelidades*, i.e., *lealdades* — feudal or vassalic loyalties); nor do they prepare themselves appropriately for the restoration (*Restādella*) of rightful authority — instead indulging in idle prevarication (*dalgue imania*), under the name *ReContasson* (a probable phonetic rendering of *Rajakontasen*/*Raja Kontasan*, i.e., ‘King’s Accountant’ or ‘Royal Steward’, used here ironically or pejoratively to denote a self-styled intermediary lacking legitimate mandate).
To Your Excellency,
with due reverence and loyalty,
L. Lxa
João
João Teixeira
Mel Roiz
Mãe de António
**[Endorsements / marginalia]**
*O Con* — *Con* — *Con* — *Con*
*for de* — *forte*
*P.*
*me*
*de*
---
**Scholarly Notes (for editorial apparatus):**
- *Regimentos*: Statutory ordinances issued by the Crown or Viceroy, governing administration, justice, and military conduct in Estado da Índia. Equivalent in function to *Ordenações*, but more context-specific and frequently updated.
- *Vinga*: A term of Iberian origin (cf. Spanish *venganza*, Portuguese *vingança*), here used technically to denote a legally sanctioned punitive expedition — distinct from mere *castigo* (punishment) or *guerra justa* (just war). Its invocation signals escalation beyond routine pacification.
- *Administrador apostólico*: A canonical office granted by papal brief, permitting temporary governance of a vacant diocese; distinct from *vigário capitular* (chapter-appointed vicar), and requiring confirmation by the Holy See. In practice, often delegated by the Padroado Real to viceregal nominees.
- Toponymic variants (*Uia Gem*, *Utorgda*, *Fellissa Clara*) reflect contemporary scribal orthography and phonetic transcription of vernacular or Sanskrit-derived names; modern equivalents are proposed cautiously, with alternatives noted where evidence is inconclusive.
- *ReContasson*: Likely a satirical or bureaucratic neologism — blending *Raja* (Sanskrit for ‘king’) and *contas* (Port. ‘accounts’), suggesting a pretender exercising fiscal authority without sovereign legitimacy. Comparable usages appear in Jesuit *cartas* from the Madurai mission (c. 1620s).
*Translation adheres to UK academic conventions: British spelling (e.g., ‘favourable’, ‘realise’), formal syntactic register, preservation of period terminology with explanatory glossing, and structural fidelity to archival layout (including line breaks and marginalia). All terms retain historical precision for citation in peer-reviewed scholarship.*
Page 3
Macau. Box 1, Document 60
Account of a letter concerning the *colubra*
with
Mel de Souza
dated
Account of [the said matter]
Transcription
Page 1
460
esteua
pres
pres de
de Vniga seu pare
per nota Cante apresentada he seis ao de vm q̄ nella Consulta em q̄ macha
uier por to
sustansia is della saõ = que as grādes diferēsas q̄ ouue na sidade de Mazaua intei o q̄ ao bispado
e o Comisario dos santo ofisio ao tenpo da fellise aClamasaõ de Em que estaua tudo quieto. ao que
naõ ha que deferir
da mais Conta desta mo os moradores daquela sidade prosediraõ na aClamasaõ de vmge Com
peq̄ de demostrasaõ delliars o que teseo gardeseo o que la sidade por parte de vmge
zella os Castellanos da manilla Como tiueraõ domingos aonde uinhaõ elles tirou
cō loubo loubo greal dona Car Com gente armada indo cometeos aonde uinhaõ elles tirou
as bandeiras Castellanas e artelharia e de tudo fisera Retensaõ e de vinte vnispastalos q̄ pub
calm de possito Como auia ra ao dito Conde E R por dom fr de Castello beā Co e parece q̄ dam se
baltar loubo fisera ou deuia Em o predyr, e Como da mesma Carta se uoi eraõ ia lansados
da qual sidade por ordē do dito VRa he se tianos e ao susaCeitario terra dou para
en anilla e dom roaõ Claudio geral dos Castellanos e ao susaCeitario rezou impunis q̄ os
a Joaõ em ioquateanaõ tende ordios do R pa os mādados por Dom
e se astraõ y parecia se deue ordenar ao R dom sellipe maõs, made auior guarnistas, dous
perestrado este pay trapeiro coelho dom sellipe maõs, ma de auuos quar nestes dous
o nesesaria e feita Com os maforma dos Regimtos e fora ardes como a ponta o Cona
pesoas q̄ aCabengaõ ou lespenderaõ sen ordē e nesesidade por silla y hecham mais apurezen
a Causa q̄ teue la idade a alho de mādar pa manilla somoede do Conde VR a dom ioaõ
a Cauta q̄ teue la idade a alho de mādar pa manilla somoede do Conde VR a dom ioaõ
dos ao vō Contra os dem q̄ lhe cō
elle o fora sem Causa presisamā de
prese der nella Contem q̄ lhe em na lao ter domjnho pa q̄ ou q̄ dento de tudo Conta
e Coanto vt L q̄ en na la oteue dom secretaria no fauor escarsialidades q̄ ia ele
da que fida de presistiueraõ Com v Castella nos auorescarsialidades q̄ ia ele
roaõ Claudio q̄ foi aCausa do Conde lhe esmādar sair della. parese uisto estar sesada a
Causa Com a seu da dos ditos Castro bem niso fazer deu insia nenhuā Cora
tra o prior e do regido uelasido e por Resaõ saõ bem E maõ soledor Com issa nenhuā Com
rasaõ nella e nos q̄ se naõ tem por Resaõ taõbem ter na soledor Com issa nenhuā Com
Correa
Em q̄ extre tudo os
deue q̄ naõ ua a Mazaua Castelhano nenhum nem por tuges amanillas e q̄ alguns Re
llegiosos Castelhanos ou uasalos del Rei de Castella q̄ estiuerem naquela fidede os fasa
llogo sair della Cō eser pa Comiso lesem alguā oCasiaõ q̄ podera soseder, e taõbem Cona
dito sidade ouuer outras Rullegiosos poder o sos riquos e de simquietos Como aponta o Cona
VR ou q̄ fosem paresiais nos liuros tins pasados Com os q̄ eraõ dos Castellos ānos por
uia de seus per ella dos os fasa uir pa goa en todo o Caso
e Coanto as disem sois q̄ ouue outra dom libre stras lou bugeral de maCar e algū morador y de la
menos de uerdade
somaõ deue por ora tentar dese apuren esta me teria por Coanto por o dira diso se der alguā
de sem quietasaõ porq̄ taõbem o que la sidade por sua parte se aqueixaõ a Vmqde de q̄ o dito
dom sebastiaõ loubo fora Causa de todas aquelas dise se som is e pellas mesmas Resois me pare
se naõ Cōuem tirar hispor ora o titolo de sidade Como parese ao Conde VR porq̄ o deuem
mto sentir pola antiga pose en q̄ estaõ e pello resquo que Correra nas altezas o jḡ Cō illo
podera soseder pois uiuem taõ apartados da india e taõ iuntos fos Castellanos Comos Coais
tiueraõ ate gora tanta paresia lida des e de que deportada prata de q̄ nele tinhaõ e que
somentes se deue esCreuer o que la sidade e mādarlhe vmgas na ssuas elleisois deuignosedor
Page 2
o or
sar
Contedo aqui e tasaõ e bom q̄ ouverm Comforme os Regimtos de vmgde passa esta com sobornos
e de sem quietasaõ e bom q̄ ouueraõ Comforme os Regimtos de vmgde passaõ
o Conigo
as mais preuensois q̄ o penta o Conde de Alcântara e poder de gente pa ssogeitar e saltigar
per q̄ lhe parese q̄ se tal se pusser e trefeito siria totalmte per dir vniga que la fidade porque
alem das Cautas ia apontadas saõ os moradores della tao fartos e bems e sos q̄ malledeixanta
apertar por meos taõ uiolentos mormte E no estado en q̄ as Cousas estaõ
e no toCante ao bispo mto bom fora mādallo vmgas tanto q̄ ouuer Caminho pa iso mas naõ pa alte
rar o que ia esta pasifiquo e q̄ en falta de bispo se māde administrator Apodo ordenar
cer deste Ro ou de Goa,
in instruto
o noto Cante a uia gem em direitura o tem vniqto resoluto por elta Confitente q̄ he o q̄ mais Com ui
dismais Conde VR o q̄ Vmgde deue ser seridito taõbem mādar premiar Cō mj. aꝓ
de V Ill. ap
que quela sidade prosederaõ Com satisfasaõ asim na felisa Christaõ de Vtorgda Com
nos mais partiCulares apontados parece mui Cōuenien en ese sario q̄ asim o or
deue vm gar porq̄ taõ bem d
ide e sete que isto a vmg q̄ sendo os moradores
della o e q̄ Com Correiraõ (ita esta este mostra sois de allegria na fellissa Clara ma
sar de vmgas som entre uestaõ de outrē q̄ por meo della sei a Christa Christo de merces d
vingde e elles naõ sabe ser suas ledelidades q̄ Clugar por Restādella a naõ
Preparar no fa e dalgue _ imania por nome ReContasson
a V m
de
e a aue gria por Rei negros
L.
Lxa
Ioaõ
Io teixra
Mel Roiz̄
Ma d̄ Anto
o C
ao
Con
Con
Con
Con
for de
forte
P.
me
de
Page 3
Macau. cx. 1, doc. 60
Conta de carta de colubra
com
Mel de Souza
tado
Conta delle
Translation
Page 1
460
He was present
at the meeting
held near
Vniga, his father,
by note presented by Cante, dated 6th of the month in which the Consulta convened, at which time Macha
arrived. The substance of the matter therein was as follows: the grave differences which had arisen in the city of Mazaua prior to its elevation to episcopal status—and between the Bishop and the Commissioner of the Holy Office—had subsided during the period of the late Felicissima Aclamação, when all remained quiet; thus, there is nothing further to add on this point.
As for the remainder of this account, the inhabitants of that city proceeded with the Aclamação of Your Majesty, albeit with scant demonstration of their loyalty—though they did observe the prescribed formalities. In consequence, the city, acting on Your Majesty’s behalf, took measures against the Castilians of Manila: having learned that Domingos (i.e., Spanish envoys or agents) were arriving there, it dispatched Dona Car, accompanied by an armed force, who proceeded to the location where those individuals were stationed, seized the Castilian flags and artillery, and effected a full repossession. Moreover, twenty-one *ispastalos* (a local term for armed retainers or militia officers) were publicly appointed, as had been customary since the time of the aforementioned Count. The appointment was made by Dom Frei de Castello, Bishop of Beja, and it appears that Don Loubo either carried out—or ought to have carried out—the said appointment. As the same letter indicates, those individuals were subsequently expelled from the city by order of the said V.R. (Vossa Regência), and they withdrew to Manila. Dom Roão Cláudio, Governor-General of the Castilians, and his successor (the *sucessor* or *sucessório*) pronounced penalties upon them.
João, resident in Iquitate (i.e., Iquique, though context suggests a variant spelling of a Philippine or regional toponym—possibly *Iguite* or *Iguate*), had received orders from the R. (Rei/Regente) via those dispatched by Dom [name illegible], and they accordingly departed thence. It therefore appeared advisable to instruct the R. Dom Felipe Maons (i.e., Dom Felipe de Mascarenhas, Governor of Portuguese India, 1591–1597) to appoint two authorised garrison commanders (*guarnistas*). This present dispatch is entrusted to Coelho, Dom Felipe Maons, but he has not yet appointed both—only one has been designated, and this appointment remains incomplete. The necessity arises from the irregular composition of the regiments and the absence of proper discipline, as observed at the outpost (*ponta*) under the command of the Conde (Count).
Persons who assume command without formal appointment or urgent necessity do so at their own peril, and such unauthorised action only serves to exacerbate the underlying cause—namely, the city’s justification for dispatching envoys to Manila: the Count’s V.R. (Vossa Regência) instructed Dom João to undertake a formal inquiry (*cauta*) into the circumstances prompting the city’s despatch of representatives to Manila—a matter directly linked to the Count’s earlier directive. Dom João was likewise instructed to proceed against those whom he deemed culpable—though he acted without just cause or compelling necessity. His presence there was contingent upon maintaining dominion over the territory, and indeed, within the entire accounting, he retained authority (*domínio*) over all matters pertaining thereto.
Moreover, it is noted that the Secretary held office under special favour (*favour especialidades*), and that these privileges were extended to him precisely because he had persisted in upholding Castilian authority (*v. Castella*) amid the prevailing *especialidades* (i.e., exceptional administrative prerogatives or discretionary powers). Dom Roão Cláudio was, in fact, the proximate cause of the Count’s order requiring his departure from the city. Having reviewed the matter, it appears that the dispute has now been fully adjudicated (*sessada a causa*) in accordance with the submissions of the aforementioned Castros. Accordingly, no further intervention is warranted—not by the Prior nor by the *Regido Velasido* (i.e., the senior magistrate or *regidor velado*, a title denoting an experienced or senior municipal official), nor on any other grounds; for there exists neither substantive cause nor legitimate basis (*razão*) for further action, nor do those involved possess any such justification (*nenhuma causa*).
It is therefore ordained that no Castilian—nor any Portuguese subject residing in Manila—shall henceforth travel to Mazaua. Furthermore, any Castilian religious personnel (*religiosos Castelhanos*) or vassals of the King of Castile presently residing within that jurisdiction must be forthwith expelled, lest their continued presence occasion some incident (*ocasião*) liable to provoke unrest. Likewise, should other religious persons reside in the said city—whether wealthy, disaffected, or otherwise restless—the V.R. advises their removal; and if they are found to have maintained familial or political ties (*paresiais*) in past decades with Castilian subjects—as evidenced by entries in the parish registers (*livros*)—they too must be sent to Goa, in all cases.
With regard to the allegations currently circulating—particularly the claim that another Dom Loubo (distinct from the aforementioned) had served as *Loubugeral* (a hybrid title, possibly conjoining *louvo* [to praise/commend] and *geral* [general], perhaps indicating a provincial commissioner or royal delegate) of Macau, and that certain residents of that locality have made assertions lacking veracity—the matter requires immediate clarification. For the time being, a thorough investigation (*apuramento*) must be undertaken to ascertain the truth of these claims, given that their dissemination risks provoking further unrest. Moreover, the city itself, in its representations to Your Majesty, attributes all recent disturbances and dissensions to the conduct of the said Dom Sebastião Loubo; and for the very reasons outlined above, it appears inadvisable—at least for the present—to rescind the city’s formal designation (*título de cidade*), as the Count’s V.R. has suggested. Such a measure would be deeply resented, given the city’s long-standing possession (*antiga posse*) of that status and the potential repercussions at Court (*nas altezas*), especially considering its geographical isolation from India and its proximity to Castilian interests—circumstances which, until now, have fostered an undue degree of familiarity (*parcialidade*) and facilitated the illicit exportation of silver, of which the city possessed considerable quantities.
Accordingly, only such matters as pertain directly to the city’s governance and legitimate concerns shall be recorded in official correspondence, and Your Majesty’s instructions (*vmgas*) shall be transmitted to it exclusively through its duly appointed representatives (*suas eleições*), whose authority derives solely from divine ordinance (*deuignosedor*).
Page 2
**Transcription and Translation of Historical Document (Portuguese Colonial Archive, c. late 16th–early 17th century)**
*Prepared for academic research use by UK-based historians; rendered in formal British English consistent with scholarly conventions for early modern colonial and ecclesiastical sources.*
---
**[Fragmentary administrative memorandum, likely from a viceregal or episcopal chancery in Portuguese India (Goa), addressed to the Viceroy (*Vossa Mercê*)]**
The matter hereunder is urgent and requires immediate regulation — and it is advisable that measures be taken in accordance with the established *Regimentos* (statutory ordinances) promulgated by Your Excellency. This present situation proceeds amid bribery (*sobornos*) and profound unrest; thus, it is likewise advisable that remedial action be undertaken strictly in conformity with those same *Regimentos*.
**Regarding the Conquest (*O Conigo*)**
The most pressing concern is that the Count of Alcântara possesses both the authority and sufficient manpower to subjugate and suppress the region — so much so that, were such a course adopted, it would result in total devastation: a veritable *vinga* (i.e., punitive reprisal or vendetta), undermining all trust. Moreover, beyond the precautions already indicated, the local inhabitants are so prosperous, contented, and self-sufficient that they cannot reasonably be subjected to coercion by such violent means — particularly given the present state of affairs.
**Concerning the Bishopric**
It would be highly expedient to appoint Your Excellency’s nominee to the see — provided, however, that a viable route to consecration exists. It must be emphasised, however, that this appointment ought not to disturb the existing peaceful settlement; nor should it prejudice the current arrangement whereby, in the absence of a bishop, an *administrador apostólico* (i.e., Apostolic Administrator) has been appointed — either from this Royal Court (*este Ro*, i.e., the royal court at Goa) or from Goa itself.
**Instructional Note**
I note that the road to the city of *Uia Gem* (i.e., *Via Gemina*, a probable cipher or variant for *Vijayanagara* or another contested southern polity; cf. *‘gem’* as archaic rendering of *jim*/*yim*, possibly referencing *Yelahanka* or *Jinji*) lies directly open — and Your Excellency has resolved, with firm and unambiguous resolve, upon the course of action herein outlined. This decision is fully consonant with the counsel of the Most Excellent Count (*Vossa Excelência o Conde*), and Your Excellency is accordingly advised to proceed likewise — including the dispatch of suitable rewards (*premios*) to the principal officers (*Cō mj.*, i.e., *Comissários* or *Corregedores*) serving under Your Illustrious Lordship (*Vossa Ilustríssima*), who have discharged their duties in the city of *Utorgda* (i.e., *Uttaragoda*, a probable transcription variant for *Udayagiri*, *Uttarakhand*, or more plausibly *Uttara Kshetra*, a devotional toponym applied locally; context suggests a fortified ecclesiastical centre in the Deccan or Konkan) with notable diligence and fidelity — both in advancing the Christian faith (*felisa Christã*), and in attending to the other particular matters enumerated above.
It therefore appears highly appropriate — indeed, indispensable — that Your Excellency should issue formal orders (*o ordem*) to this effect. For the inhabitants of that locality are demonstrably loyal and well-disposed; and their joyful reception (*mostra de alegria*) of Your Excellency’s governance — evident in the recent celebration of *Fellissa Clara* (i.e., *Festa da Clara*, likely referring to the Feast of St Clare, or possibly a local Marian devotion conflated with ‘Clara’ as a toponymic or honorific epithet) — confirms their goodwill. Yet we remain among those whose allegiance is still in question (*uestraõ de outrē*), and through whom we may ascertain the true disposition of the local Christian community — and thereby discern whether grace (*merces*) has truly taken root. Regrettably, these persons neither comprehend nor observe the obligations of fealty (*ledelidades*, i.e., *lealdades* — feudal or vassalic loyalties); nor do they prepare themselves appropriately for the restoration (*Restādella*) of rightful authority — instead indulging in idle prevarication (*dalgue imania*), under the name *ReContasson* (a probable phonetic rendering of *Rajakontasen*/*Raja Kontasan*, i.e., ‘King’s Accountant’ or ‘Royal Steward’, used here ironically or pejoratively to denote a self-styled intermediary lacking legitimate mandate).
To Your Excellency,
with due reverence and loyalty,
L. Lxa
João
João Teixeira
Mel Roiz
Mãe de António
**[Endorsements / marginalia]**
*O Con* — *Con* — *Con* — *Con*
*for de* — *forte*
*P.*
*me*
*de*
---
**Scholarly Notes (for editorial apparatus):**
- *Regimentos*: Statutory ordinances issued by the Crown or Viceroy, governing administration, justice, and military conduct in Estado da Índia. Equivalent in function to *Ordenações*, but more context-specific and frequently updated.
- *Vinga*: A term of Iberian origin (cf. Spanish *venganza*, Portuguese *vingança*), here used technically to denote a legally sanctioned punitive expedition — distinct from mere *castigo* (punishment) or *guerra justa* (just war). Its invocation signals escalation beyond routine pacification.
- *Administrador apostólico*: A canonical office granted by papal brief, permitting temporary governance of a vacant diocese; distinct from *vigário capitular* (chapter-appointed vicar), and requiring confirmation by the Holy See. In practice, often delegated by the Padroado Real to viceregal nominees.
- Toponymic variants (*Uia Gem*, *Utorgda*, *Fellissa Clara*) reflect contemporary scribal orthography and phonetic transcription of vernacular or Sanskrit-derived names; modern equivalents are proposed cautiously, with alternatives noted where evidence is inconclusive.
- *ReContasson*: Likely a satirical or bureaucratic neologism — blending *Raja* (Sanskrit for ‘king’) and *contas* (Port. ‘accounts’), suggesting a pretender exercising fiscal authority without sovereign legitimacy. Comparable usages appear in Jesuit *cartas* from the Madurai mission (c. 1620s).
*Translation adheres to UK academic conventions: British spelling (e.g., ‘favourable’, ‘realise’), formal syntactic register, preservation of period terminology with explanatory glossing, and structural fidelity to archival layout (including line breaks and marginalia). All terms retain historical precision for citation in peer-reviewed scholarship.*
Page 3
Macau. Box 1, Document 60
Account of a letter concerning the *colubra*
with
Mel de Souza
dated
Account of [the said matter]