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This abstract describes a Qing dynasty administrative document dated the 20th day of the ninth lunar month in the tenth year of the Qianlong reign (1745), issued by the Acting Magistrate of Xiangshan County, Left Subprefectural Magistrate Gu [personal name], and registered as Second Register Entry. The document is an official dispatch (*xinpai*) transmitted to the foreign headman (*Yimu*) at Macau, instructing him to deliver the enclosed warrant (*zhaopiao*) to specific foreign merchants identified as *Lama*, *Ma*, *La*, and *Ji*, among others. It commands these merchants to present themselves forthwith at the Guangdong provincial capital (Canton) with all prohibited goods in their possession for examination and verification by the Xiangshan subprefectural administration, under the supervision of the issuing office. Non-compliance is explicitly stated to constitute a breach of administrative order. A five-day deadline for compliance is recorded in marginalia, and multiple official seals—including one identifying the date and another denoting the issuing magistrate’s title—are affixed throughout the document. The text reflects formal Qing bureaucratic protocol governing foreign commerce and regulatory oversight in the Pearl River Delta region during the mid-eighteenth century, and serves as a primary source for studying Sino-foreign administrative interaction, maritime trade regulation, and local governance structures under the Qianlong emperor.

This abstract describes a Qing dynasty administrative document dated 14 September 1745 (Qianlong 10th year, 9th month), issued by the Office of the Acting Magistrate of Xiangshan County, Left Subprefectural Administrator. The document records the second official response to a memorial submitted by the Macau *Yí mù*—foreign headmen or overseers of foreign residents—including Anluduo and others—on behalf of twenty-seven British subjects (designated in contemporary Qing terminology as *Hóngmáo yí*, or ‘red-haired foreigners’), among them one named Chuimàlāfèi, who had taken refuge in Macau and sought official travel permits (*zhào*) to board merchant vessels bound for Guangzhou (Canton) for repatriation. The directive notes that while the Guangdong Provincial Military and Civil Administration (*Jūnmín Fǔ*) transmitted the petition, it lacked essential particulars: the identity of the vessel’s owner or master, the vessel’s name, and the mercantile firm (*háng*) under which it was registered. Consequently, the Xiangshan office orders the *Yí mù* to investigate and report these details within three days, stipulating that formal travel permits will only be issued upon verification and subsequent provincial approval. The document reflects Qing bureaucratic procedures governing foreign movement, trade logistics, and administrative accountability in the Pearl River Delta during the mid-eighteenth century.

This abstract describes an official placard (pái) issued on the 12th day of the ninth lunar month in the tenth year of the Qianlong reign (1745) by the Office of the Deputy Magistrate (Zuǒtáng) of Xiangshan County, signed by Ji Kūn. The document constitutes the county’s second submission concerning compliance with a multi-tiered imperial administrative chain originating from the Ministry of War (Bīng Bù), Office of Chariots and Horses (Chējià Sī), which reported that Patrol Inspector Xiàng Sùhéng had delivered four Westerners—Jiǎng Jiāorén, Wú Zhífāng, Fù Qǐméng, and Nà Yǒngfú—to the capital for presentation to the relevant ministry and subsequent transfer to the Imperial Household Department (Nèiwù Fǔ). The placard transmits formal instructions down the bureaucratic hierarchy—from the Ministry of War, via the Provincial Administration Commission (Bùzhèng Shǐ Sī), Prefectural Administration, and County Magistrate Jiang Pī—to the designated foreign headman (Yí mù), directing strict observance of orders requiring his compliance. Marginalia indicate archival numbering (381) and registration (Dēngjì Hàomǎ), while seals and annotations reflect contemporary administrative processing. The document exemplifies Qing-era bureaucratic protocol for managing foreign presence at the local level and provides primary evidence of institutional responses to Western individuals within the Guangdong maritime frontier during the mid-eighteenth century.

This archival document is an official Qing dynasty administrative warrant (*pai*) issued in September 1745 (eighth month of the tenth year of the Qianlong reign) by Gu, Acting Magistrate of Xiangshan County, operating from the Left Hall. It concerns the recovery and remittance of 974.063 liang of silver—comprising eighteen sealed packets—embezzled or fraudulently withheld from funds designated for sugar procurement by seven Chinese merchants: Zheng Bida, Zhao Xinyi, Cai Peizi, Deng Fanjiu, Xue Qianzheng, Liao Lanfang, and Guo Songgong. The warrant directs the foreign headman (*Yi Mu*) to instruct the foreign merchant *Rixin* (*Jih-shin*) to prepare two original formal receipts (*lingzhuang*) acknowledging receipt of the sum, to be submitted to the magistrate’s office for audit and verification prior to disbursement. The directive originates from an official dispatch (*xin pai*) issued by the Maritime Defence Prefectural Administration for Military and Civil Affairs (*Haifang Junmin Fu*), underscoring inter-jurisdictional administrative coordination in commercial oversight. The document bears multiple Qing-era red seals—including a circular seal identifying Gu as Acting Magistrate and a rectangular seal dating the issuance—and marginalia indicating registration and an unspecified compliance deadline. As a primary source, it provides direct evidence of fiscal accountability mechanisms, cross-cultural commercial regulation, and bureaucratic procedure in mid-eighteenth-century Guangdong coastal administration.

This archival document is a Qing-dynasty official warrant (*yìn xìn pái*) issued on the ninth day of the seventh lunar month in the tenth year of the Qianlong reign (1745) by the *Hǎifáng Jūnmín Fǔ* (Maritime Defence Prefecture for Military and Civil Affairs), directing the *Yí Mù*—the Portuguese *capitão-mor* of Macau acting as the Qing-appointed ‘Foreign Headman’—to investigate matters concerning Dutch and British maritime activity in the Pearl River Delta. The warrant responds to a memorial from the Assistant Magistrate (*xiàn chéng*) of Xiangshan County, reporting that five individuals, including *Wèi Zhā Nān Ài*, claimed to have been seized by British ships en route from Guangzhou to Batavia in the preceding year and taken to Britain (*Bā Guó*), yet were now travelling again aboard a British vessel to Macau; it further notes the unexplained continued residence in Macau of Dutch chief merchant (*dà bān*) *Wù Lóu Lǐ*, who had petitioned for a travel permit to Macau but failed to repatriate to the Netherlands (*Fú Lán Xī*). The directive requires verification of the five men’s Dutch nationality, the factual accuracy of their seizure narrative, the circumstances of their re-embarkation with British merchant *Hā Kā*, and the reasons for *Wù Lóu Lǐ*’s prolonged stay. The document originates from Xiangshan County, concerns Macau and Guangdong-Fujian maritime routes, and reflects Qing administrative protocols under the Canton System, including inter-imperial commercial surveillance and jurisdictional oversight of foreign merchants.

This archival document is an imperial mandate issued on 5 July 1745 (seventh day of the seventh lunar month of the Qianlong 10th year) by the Acting Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi, Cè Huì, transmitted through the Provincial Administration Commissioner’s Office to Jiang, Magistrate of Xiangshan County, Guangzhou Prefecture. It concerns the arrival in Macau of a Dutch merchant vessel under Captain Harro (‘Hāluō’) and an accompanying Dutch warship commanded by ‘Gan’aihu’, both operating under the authority of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The document records reports from Lu Zhifang, Deputy Commander of the Xiangshan Coastal Defence Command, and Wu Zhu, Acting Chief Military Officer of the Guangdong Naval Command, detailing the presence of five *Fólóshěn* (Western European, specifically Dutch VOC) merchants—Wèidá Nán, Wèidá Nǎ, Wèilàohǎn, and two unnamed servants—who claimed to have been seized by a Dutch vessel near the Karimata Strait (rendered as ‘Karaba’ or ‘Kariba’) in December 1744 and taken to Batavia (*Bāguó*/*Àowō*), before being conveyed to Guangzhou aboard Harro’s ship to locate their chief factor (*Dàbān*), identified as *Láodānglǐ* (likely Jan Albertszoon Laatdang), reportedly resident in Macau. The mandate directs urgent investigation into the identities, credibility of testimony, and motives of all involved parties, surveillance of Dutch vessels anchored near the Jiujiao Islands and Macau, verification of *Láodānglǐ*’s residence and conduct, and immediate reporting to provincial and viceregal authorities.