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Medina, José Toribio, 1852-1930

耶穌會在其光榮的日本省的戰役 p.11 Relação da gloriosa morte de quatro embaixadores portuguezes da cidade de Macau com cincoenta e sete dos seus companheiros degolados pela fé em Nangasaqui 關於四位葡萄牙使節及其五十七名同伴因信仰在長崎慘遭斬首的光榮事蹟記錄，來自澳門城。

p. 4(16) 貴館奉賀。屆時，希 貴大臣少候是荷。專此布。頌 新祉 名另具 十二月初三日 徑啟者，所有 天主堂公產一事，昨經議定嗣後 法國傳教士，如入內地買置田地房屋，其契據內 寫明，立文契人某某人姓名賣爲本處 天主堂公產，字樣不必專列傳教士，及奉教 人之名，現已函致江蘇李撫軍，查照辦理。信 稿抄錄送閱。專此佈達順。頌 日祉 名另具 正月二十五日 p.34(46) 欽命總理各國事務和碩恭親王 爲給發論單事。照得咸豐八年天津議定 法國條約 第十三欸內載。凡中國人願信崇 天主教而循規蹈矩者、毫無查禁、皆免懲治。又戴、向來所有爲此示謙士民人等其賢智者務虛心克己，將西儒所刻諸書，體心研求必且憬然會心， 悚然愧汗。若乃愚民妄相揣度，則有腸鸞說， 用夏解及代疑正續二編在。爾等其繹思之。 特示 崇禎十四年六月 日給 p. 44(56) p.46(58) 欽命江南分巡蘇松太兵備道馮 曉諭事查 法國條約第十三欸內載 天主教原以勸人行善爲本。奉教之人皆保身家，中國人願 信崇 天主教而循規蹈矩者毫無查禁又咸豐十一年十一月初二日奉 上諭。嗣後各該地方官。於凡交涉習教事件。務須查明根由。持平辦理。如習教者果係安分守己。謹飭自愛。則同係中國赤子。自應與不習教者一體撫字。不必因習教而有所刻求。各該地方官務當事事公平分別辦理。以示撫綏善良之至意。欽此。欽遵歴經遵辦在案。是天主教向以行善爲本。康熙年問業經准行。從無邪術害人。 今本道訪問各屬因有紙人剪辮等謠傳疑及 p. 48(60) (...) more result in the book

This 1893 official correspondence comprises a Vatican diplomatic document originating from the offices of the Holy See, dated 20 October, and numbered 14752. It is addressed to the Ambassador of Portugal to the Holy See by Cardinal Mariano Rampolla, then Cardinal Secretary of State. The document acknowledges receipt of a formal note from the Portuguese Ambassador transmitting a petition from the Bishop of Macao concerning two ecclesiastical matters: the approval of the liturgical calendar for the Diocese of Macao and the authorisation of a proper Mass and office in honour of the feast commemorating the translation of the body of Saint Francis Xavier. The text records that these requests were submitted to Pope Leo XIII, who referred them to the Sacred Congregation of Rites—specifically noted as having been previously examined by the Congregation for the Sacraments—for review and deliberation. The endorsement confirms diplomatic protocol through its formal address to the Portuguese Ambassador and concludes with a reaffirmation of papal esteem. The document forms part of a broader administrative and ecclesiastical exchange between the Holy See and Portuguese colonial ecclesiastical authorities in Macau, reflecting the intersection of colonial religious administration and centralised Vatican authority in late nineteenth-century Catholicism. It provides primary evidence of liturgical governance and diplomatic channels within the Roman Curia during the pontificate of Leo XIII.

Official correspondence from the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, General Directorate of Political and Diplomatic Affairs, First Division, dated 24 August 1903, transmitted in Lisbon and addressed to General Carneiro. The document, authored by Miguel Martins d’Almeida, forwards a petition submitted by the Superior of the College of Overseas Missions, which had already been reviewed by the Apostolic Nunciature regarding matters within its ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The letter requests that General Carneiro intercede to secure approval from the Holy See on those aspects of the petition falling under papal authority. Endorsed with administrative annotations indicating internal processing and final approval on 5 October 1903, the file includes partially illegible, damaged, and uncertain sections, reflecting limitations in textual preservation. This primary source offers insight into early 20th-century ecclesiastico-diplomatic relations between Portugal and the Vatican, particularly concerning the administration of overseas missionary activities within the context of colonial religious institutions. The document serves as evidence of formal state mediation in ecclesiastical affairs and highlights bureaucratic procedures in the governance of Catholic missions under Portuguese influence. Researchers will find this material relevant for studies on church-state relations, colonial religious policy, and diplomatic history in the late Portuguese Empire.

This 1891 translated newspaper article, originating from the *Ling-nan-chi-pao* (The Southern Daily), No. 438, dated 22 June 1891, and transmitted as an enclosure to Despatch No. 7-A from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton on 29 July 1891, provides a contemporary Chinese perspective on the political and economic status of Macau under Portuguese administration. The document asserts that Macau was leased by China to Portugal for commercial purposes, with annual rent paid, and challenges the legitimacy of Portuguese territorial claims, arguing that any attempt to sell the territory would violate treaty obligations explicitly prohibiting its alienation. It outlines the weakening geopolitical position of Portugal, characterised as no longer a major power, and references its prior colonial sales as fiscally motivated acts inviting international derision. The text further details Macau’s economic decline, sustained primarily by revenue from opium and gambling, and notes repeated failed attempts by the colonial government to impose taxation due to local resistance. Strategic vulnerabilities are emphasised in comparison to Hong Kong’s fortified defences, rendering Macau militarily insecure. The article concludes with prescriptive recommendations: that Portugal should develop Macau as a free port through harbour improvements and trade-focused policies to ensure fiscal stability and effective governance. Translated by Ph. Quan and formally submitted by J. T. Emalli, Consul of the Portuguese Consulate in Macau, the document serves as a critical primary source on late 19th-century colonial discourse, sovereignty disputes, and economic conditions in South China.

Official dispatch from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton, dated 24 May 1892, addressed to Dr. Demétrio Cinatti and copied to Mr. Ct. Atyras de Gonçalves All. and an unnamed British official. The document analyses three parliamentary proposals concerning a proposed 50% customs duty reduction on goods originating from Macau, intended to stimulate its economy. The first proposal, by Deputy Mota e Costa, advocates a 50% rebate on shared duties for industrially produced Macanese goods shipped directly to Portugal. The second, Bill No. 84, limits the benefit to goods transported on Portuguese vessels, effective from 1 July 1892, while the third, by Peer Coude de Castro, extends the reduction to all Macau-origin goods cleared at Canton and adjacent islands. The author critically evaluates each, warning that the third is overly liberal and risks benefiting foreign enterprises more than Portuguese interests. Emphasising Macau’s entrepôt function and limited industrial capacity, the consul argues that previous incentives, such as the 1889 25% tea bonus, yielded no tangible results. He highlights severe fiscal implications: potential annual revenue losses exceeding 1,600 contos de réis due to displaced domestic production and expanded colonial competition, particularly disadvantaging African territories. Noting that Macau’s trade is largely controlled by Chinese and foreign actors, he cautions against measures enriching foreign capital at the metropole’s expense. Instead, he proposes a moderate 10–15% tariff reduction combined with a 36 contos subsidy to secure regular shipping services, ensuring economic stimulus without disproportionate cost or loss of state revenue.

This document comprises a translation and verification of an article from the Chinese-language newspaper *Ling Man-chi-pau* (*St. Louis Daily*), issue No. 143, dated 28 July 1891, produced by the Portuguese Consulate in Canton. The text addresses rumours circulating in foreign press reports suggesting that Portugal might sell its colony of Macau as a means of settling governmental debts, a proposal allegedly extended from discussions in the Portuguese elected chamber regarding the sale of African colonial territories. The translation clarifies that while Deputy Dr Almeida had proposed the sale of certain African possessions, no such suggestion was made concerning Macau. The document underscores that Portugal cannot legally alienate Macau and emphasises the emotional and historical ties of the Macanese people—particularly those of Portuguese descent born or long resident in the colony—to their homeland. It dismisses the rumour of Macau’s potential sale as baseless and attributes its propagation to ‘fraudulent historians’. The translation was officially verified by the Portuguese Consulate in Canton on 29 July 1891, serving both as a corrective to misinformation and as a reassurance to the Portuguese community in Macau. This primary source offers valuable insight into late 19th-century colonial policy, imperial identity, and the geopolitical perceptions surrounding Portuguese holdings in East Asia.

Carta do Consul para para o Ministro e Secretario do Estado dos Negocios Estrangeiros sobre situação social e financeira do consulado

Carta do Consul em Cantao para o Ministro e Secretario do Estado dos Negocios Estrangeiros, relativamente tumultos contra europeus e missões e necessidade de aumentar presença da marinha

Carta Carta do Consul em Cantao para o Vicerei de Cantao, relativamente os tumultos contra os europeus e os missionários e necessidade dos autoridades locais a proteger residentes.

This 1891 diplomatic despatch, authored by Demetrio Cinatti, Consul of Portugal in Canton, constitutes a formal protest addressed to Sir Ly, Viceroy of the Two Guangs under the Qing Dynasty, concerning the destruction of Portuguese missionary properties in Hainan during civil disturbances in 1884. The document details the legal and historical grounds upon which the Portuguese mission’s claim for restitution is based, refuting Chinese provincial authorities’ assertions that the destroyed chapels were locally owned Christian structures dating from the Ming dynasty. Drawing on ecclesiastical law, treaty obligations, and empirical evidence—including financial records, prior compensation precedents, and official correspondence—the consul demonstrates that the chapels in Giang-tó (Siang-tô) and Wang-fo were constructed in 1795 by Portuguese missionaries on legally acquired land, maintained through foreign ecclesiastical funding, and remained under the exclusive ownership of the Catholic Church. The text further establishes that local officials were fully aware of these institutions, citing administrative actions from 1854 and 1880 as proof of official recognition. It condemns the Hainan authorities’ failure to protect the properties despite treaty guarantees, their fabrication of local consent, and their contradictory claims regarding the events. The despatch also invokes Portugal’s strict neutrality during the Sino-French War (1883–1885), contrasting it with the targeting of its missionaries, and appeals to the Viceroy’s sense of justice and diplomatic reciprocity in demanding full reparations.

This 1891 diplomatic document, originating from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton and dated 29 June, comprises a despatch enclosing anti-religious placards distributed in Guangdong during June of that year. The text includes translated excerpts of polemical broadsides targeting Christian missionary activity, particularly focused on derogatory depictions of Jesus Christ and foreign religious influence. The placards employ scatological and sacrilegious imagery, alleging abhorrent rituals involving human body parts and framing Christianity as morally corrupt and alien to Confucian values. Accompanying these is an engraved illustration of a crucified pig containing human organs and a child, alongside depictions of decapitated Europeans, underscoring the intensity of local hostility. The document further contains a formal notice issued by Demétrio Cinatti, Portuguese Consul in Canton, warning Portuguese subjects of rising tensions and the potential spread of unrest from the Yangtze Valley to Guangdong and Guangxi. Reference is made to a minor incident involving a Portuguese national that had been exaggerated within Chinese communities, prompting heightened diplomatic vigilance. The material reflects anxieties among foreign residents and consular authorities amid growing anti-missionary sentiment in late Qing China. Endorsed and verified by consulate officials—including Deydón Lizalde and D. Emaldi—this record serves as a primary source on Sino-foreign relations, religious conflict, and colonial-era perceptions in southern China at the end of the nineteenth century.

This 1891 diplomatic document, originating from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton and dated 29 June, comprises a despatch enclosing anti-religious placards distributed in Guangdong during June of that year. The text includes translated excerpts of polemical broadsides targeting Christian missionary activity, particularly focused on derogatory depictions of Jesus Christ and foreign religious influence. The placards employ scatological and sacrilegious imagery, alleging abhorrent rituals involving human body parts and framing Christianity as morally corrupt and alien to Confucian values. Accompanying these is an engraved illustration of a crucified pig containing human organs and a child, alongside depictions of decapitated Europeans, underscoring the intensity of local hostility. The document further contains a formal notice issued by Demétrio Cinatti, Portuguese Consul in Canton, warning Portuguese subjects of rising tensions and the potential spread of unrest from the Yangtze Valley to Guangdong and Guangxi. Reference is made to a minor incident involving a Portuguese national that had been exaggerated within Chinese communities, prompting heightened diplomatic vigilance. The material reflects anxieties among foreign residents and consular authorities amid growing anti-missionary sentiment in late Qing China. Endorsed and verified by consulate officials—including Deydón Lizalde and D. Emaldi—this record serves as a primary source on Sino-foreign relations, religious conflict, and colonial-era perceptions in southern China at the end of the nineteenth century.

Carta Carta do Consul em Cantao para o Vicerei de Cantao, relativamente os tumultos contra os europeus e os missionários e necessidade dos autoridades locais a proteger residentes

This is a diplomatic correspondence dated 1 June 1891, authored by Demétrio Cinatti, Portuguese Consul in Canton, and addressed to the Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The document forms part of an official dispatch series from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton during 1891 and includes multiple annexes and indices referencing subsequent pages. It discusses Sino-Portuguese relations with particular focus on Macau’s territorial integrity and Chinese administrative encroachments. Key issues include opposition from Chinese authorities regarding Portuguese jurisdiction in Macau, tensions over Green Island (Ilha Verde), and the activities of local mandarins such as Sse and Chang Chi Tung, identified as the Viceroy of Liangguang. The consul reports that obstacles to diplomatic operations have eased due to interventions by the Governor of Macau, enabling access to interpreters. He expresses concern over growing Chinese influence in Taipa and Coloane, noting the significant disparity between the small European population and approximately 8,000 Chinese residents on these islands, which facilitates covert assertions of jurisdiction. The text highlights fears that Chinese officials may replicate tactics used in northern disputes within southern territories. Administrative practices, including falsified inspection reports by mandarins, are detailed as mechanisms to erode Portuguese sovereignty. Additional matters include the Hainan question, where delayed responses from the Viceroy reflect increasing indifference toward foreign claims, and anti-Christian unrest in northern China, attributed to secret societies and popular rumour. Economic observations note high rice prices in Guangdong and reliance on cheaper Siamese imports. The document also references ecclesiastical disputes over property rights in Hainan, asserting that chapels destroyed in 1884 were built and maintained at mission expense, thereby entitling Portugal to indemnity. Later sections address anti-foreign agitation in Canton, including inflammatory placards and arson attempts against missionary residences, prompting consular advisories and calls for naval reinforcement. The proposed appointment of a Chinese consul in Hong Kong is reported as withdrawn due to colonial opposition. Finally, press reports alleging Portugal’s intention to sell Macau are refuted, with emphasis on treaty prohibitions against alienation and recommendations for economic development instead. The material provides critical insight into late 19th-century colonial diplomacy, jurisdictional conflicts, and cross-cultural tensions in southern China under Qing administration.

This is a formal ecclesiastical dispatch dated 1 June 1891, issued by António, Bishop of Macau, to the Governor of Macau and Timor, in response to an official inquiry concerning the destruction of Catholic chapels in Hainan during the 1884 persecution. The document details the historical presence of Portuguese missionaries in Hainan since their initial establishment in 1630 by Father Bento de Mattos, including the founding of chapels in Kim-tchau-fu and interior settlements. It outlines the expulsion of Jesuits in 1769, the re-establishment of the mission in 1795, and subsequent French involvement until their withdrawal in 1876, after which Portuguese missionaries resumed control. The Bishop refutes claims that Chinese Christians owned or destroyed the chapels, asserting that all properties were constructed and maintained with mission funds—totaling nearly 3,000 taels by 1890—and thus belonged exclusively to the Catholic Church under canonical and treaty-based rights. He rejects the validity of forced apostasy declarations and denounces the Viceroy of the Two Quangs’ evasive responses to diplomatic inquiries, drawing parallels with prior cases involving French, British, and Spanish claims. The text includes detailed expenditures, administrative correspondence, and arguments for indemnity, emphasizing that just reparation is essential for the resumption of missionary activity. Attached documents substantiate financial outlays and diplomatic efforts, positioning the dispute within broader Sino-foreign treaty relations and colonial religious policy in late 19th-century South China.

This 1891 diplomatic dispatch, originating from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton and addressed to a high-ranking official in Lisbon, constitutes a formal report on political, administrative, and territorial tensions between Portuguese and Chinese authorities concerning Macau and its dependencies. The document details the shifting stance of local Chinese officials following communications from the Portuguese Ministry of the Navy, noting a cessation of objections to consular requests for interpreters. It highlights the influence of Viceroy Chang-chi-ting—a key anti-European figure—and his role in formulating opposition to Portuguese interests, particularly through a memorial submitted during Sino-Portuguese treaty negotiations. The text raises concerns over Chinese encroachment on Macau’s jurisdiction, citing the arrest of bailiffs on Taipa Island and the circulation of administrative notices asserting Chinese authority over local populations. Reference is made to the Green Island (Ilha Verde) dispute as precedent for covert jurisdictional claims. The author warns against potential threats to Coloane and Taipa, where Portuguese military presence remains limited amidst a significantly larger Chinese population. Administrative practices, including falsified inspection reports submitted to the Tsung-li Yamen, are presented as evidence of systematic efforts to erode Portuguese control. Additional matters include unresolved diplomatic notes on Hainan, delays in Sino-Portuguese negotiations, persecution of French Catholic missions in northern China attributed to anti-Manchu secret societies, and observations on rice trade dynamics affecting Macau. The document provides critical insight into colonial diplomacy, jurisdictional contestation, and power asymmetries in late 19th-century South China.