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For the last four centuries, under the policy of the Portuguese Padroado1454, the Macau Catholic Church has been closely associated with the Portuguese rulers of Macau in governing this 'Chinese territory under the Portuguese rule'. This church-state relationship in Macau before the Chinese takeover (1999) and after has become a client-patron relationship under the shadow of the Portuguese appeasement policy. In the context of the appeasement policy, this paper aims at discussing: (1) the close alliance between the Portuguese government and the Catholic Church in Macau, offering special privileges and convenience to the Church but weakening church capacity in evangelization and spiritual leadership; and (2) the interactions of the three actors in the triangular relationship among the Vatican, China and Macau.
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Macau’s status has never been a pacific topic even inside Portuguese historiography. Departing from Montalto de Jesus (1863-1932)’ controversial proposal to summit Macau’s administration to the League of Nations in the revised edition of his Historic Macao, 1926, the author aims to discuss the construction of the discourse on the autonomy of Macau, identify the roots of this concept, and explore its different meanings in works of some of the most relevant Portuguese and Macanese historians and authors on the topic during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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João Paulo II definiu, no livro Levantai-vos, Vamos (ed. port. Publicações D. Quixote), o novo horizonte da Igreja Católica: “A Ásia: aí está a nossa missão comum para o terceiro milénio!” (p. 68) Já no n.º 9 da Ecclesia in Asia , a exortação apostólica de 1999 sobre a presença da Igreja Católica no continente asiático, o mesmo papa tinha escrito que via “novos e promissores horizontes” a desenhar-se na Ásia, “onde Jesus nasceu e o cristianismo começou”.
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Although sociologists have argued that religious orders fulfill the same creative functions within Catholicism that sectarian groups perform for Protestantism, no research has examined whether the orders can serve this function in non-Western societies where Catholics are a minority. This article examines Catholic religious orders of women in mainland China today. Both internal and external factors prevent Chinese sisters from gaining the power and autonomy they would need to serve as change agents in the Chinese Catholic Church. The effectiveness of external attempts to ameliorate the sisters' difficulties is evaluated.
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Os estudos sobre a contribuição dos Jesuítas para a ciência durante o primeiro século da Companhia de Jesus estão a aumentar em número e em qualidade. Todavia, eles ainda separam os aspectos gerais, isto é, o contributo específico dos Jesuítas na Europa, por um lado, e o seu papel na difusão da cultura Europeia e - especialmente - no estabelecimento de contacto entre as tradições cientificas do Ocidente e do Oriente. Como consequência, estudos sobre missionários. tais como Ricci. Rho ou Schall, só muito em geral têm em conta a tradição cientifica dos Jesuítas e, ainda menos, as dos colégios nos quais eles foram formados como "cientistas". Nem sequer tem sido prestada muita atenção ao que parece ser uma contradição. As missões dos Jesuítas no Oriente eram as mais qualiflcadas cientificamente, mas faziam parte da Assistência de Portugal, a qual, depois da de Espanha era a mais cientificamente "debilitada". Acresce que os mais famosos cientistasmissionários no Extremo Oriente raramente eram Ibéricos, quer por nascimento. quer por formação. O presente artigo estabelece algumas conexões entre os colégios Europeus e as missões do Extremo Oriente, discutindo o estatuto das disciplinas matemáticas nos colégios Ibéricos, bem como o modo como isso podia afectar a actividade científica dos missionários e a sua transmissão para a Europa. /// Studies on Jesuit contributions to science during the Society's first century are increasing in number and quality. But they still show a division between the general aspects, or the specific contributions by Jesuits in Europe, and their role in spreading European culture and – specially – in establishing a contact between scientific traditions of the West and the East. Owing to this, studies on missionaries, as Ricci. Rho or Schall consider only very broadly the Jesuit scientific tradition and, even less, those of the colleges in which they were formed as "scientists". Nor a much larger attention has been paid to what seems a contradiction. Jesuit missions in the East were the best scientifically qualified, but they were a part of the Portuguese Assistence which, after the Spanish, was the most "depressed" scientifically. In addition, the best reputed scientists-missionaries in the Far East were rarely Iberian, by birth or training. This article draws some connections between European colleges and Far East missions, discussing the mathematical disciplines' status in the Iberian colleges, and the way it could affect the missionaries' scientific work and its transmission in Europe.
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- Arts and Architecture (7)
- Church Indigenization (4)
- Devotions (1)
- Education (1)
- Inquisition (Goa, Macau) (1)
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