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During the dispute between Portugal and the Holy See over the rights of Patronage (Padroado real) in Asia, the Inquisition played a secondary role in the legal allegations of the Crown. In the local context of the controversies with the apostolic vicars sent by the Congregation de Propaganda Fide, priests and missionaries of the Portuguese Padroado saw the Holy Office as an instrument to defend the rights of the Crown, arresting and excommunicating on behalf of the tribunal. Imperial agents in the Estado da Índia envisioned the Inquisition as an instrument for claiming jurisdictional rights over territory, while they also faced conflicts with the inquisitors.
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Na história colonial do Extremo Oriente, durante os séculos XVI e XVII e na história dos missionários católicos, o Padroado ocupa uma posição muito importante. Portugal, Espanha, França e a Santa Sé realizaram uma intensa competição pelo Padroado, o que teve uma profunda influência na história. Espero, através desta dissertação, conhecer melhor a história do Padroado Português no Extremo Oriente, bem como através da investigação dos documentos e outros materiais encontrados resumir os impactos do Padroado Português e os seus papéis nas ex-colónias ultramarinas, particularmente dando atenção à forma como Portugal completou o domínio colonial de Macau no período das dinastias Ming e Qing. O primeiro capítulo introduz algumas possibilidades sobre o ensino das relações históricas sino-portuguesas na aprendizagem do português. O segundo capítulo refere a influência e o papel de Portugal no processo de desenvolvimento do Padroado português, a intenção do Papa na concessão do Padroado do Extremo Oriente a Portugal, os impactos do acesso ao Padroado do Extremo Oriente a Portugal. Foi feita também uma análise de várias atividades seculares do Padroado do Extremo Oriente em que os missionários portugueses participaram. No terceiro capítulo é abordada principalmente a relação entre Portugal e a China durante as dinastias Ming e Qing, e como Portugal entrou em Macau com sucesso e esta se tornou numa das suas colónias ultramarinas. O último capítulo resume o importante papel desempenhado pelo Padroado do Extremo Oriente no processo colonial no exterior e apresenta a análise feita, com base nos dois capítulos anteriores, do estabelecimento e manutenção de relações de negócios, fornecendo informações de negócios e participação na administração colonial, assim como o envolvimento em atividades de negócios e outras atividades seculares. É referida a eficácia secular do Padroado do Extremo Oriente e a sua ajuda na consolidação e desenvolvimento dos interesses coloniais portugueses no Extremo Oriente.
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"Falar de Memória" é um programa de Hugo Pinto com a participação do jornalista e investigador João Guedes. Semanalmente, a revisitação do passado de Macau através das histórias que têm como protagonistas personagens e lugares que ainda perduram na memória. Esta edição foi para o ar na Rádio Macau no dia 14 de Dezembro de 2017.
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Geographical explorations and the subsequent intensification of external commerce made many political actors of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD drag in religion and its various institutions as pliable devices for strengthening their claims of monopoly and control over the political and commercial life of the newly discovered regions. In the midst of these developments, the pre-colonial struggles for appropriating surplus from the European possessions in Asia were at times in the form of struggles between different religious institutions and administrative machineries within the same belief system professed by the various European powers. These conflicts often arose when some of the religious institutions, which were devised at different points of time in history to transmit various types of spiritual experiences to the believers, were appropriated by power-mongers for realizing their political and economic agenda. One of the religious institutions that were often utilized for political purposes during the early modern period was the church administrative system of patronage or the Patronato that the Spaniards introduced in America and the Padroado Real that the Portuguese set up in Asia. As per the right of patronage that the Pope conceded in AD 1455, the Portuguese Crown became the sole authority that could send missionaries to the lands controlled by the Lusitanians, which eventually created a certain type of monopoly for them in matters of Christianity in areas under their influence and kept missionaries of other nationalities out of Asian and Brazilian soil. When the religious issues in Asia began to get increasingly embroiled in the politics of the times, thanks to the dominance of Lusitanian interests in the Padroado system, Pope Gregory XV devised the Propaganda Fide in AD 1622 as an alternative church administrative system for Asia, which in fact was meant to provide opportunities basically for non-Portuguese people, both Indians and Europeans, for missionary work in Asia. However, this led to a chain of conflicts between the ecclesiastical administrative institutions of the Padroado Real and those of the Propaganda Fide, in Asia in general and India in particular, where the core issues of contestation began to revolve around matters of politics and the exercise of power. The central purpose of this article is to examine the nuanced nature of the conflicts that arose between the church administrative systems of the Padroado and the Propaganda at different points in time and also to see how the religious conflicts were appropriated and politicized by the various European colonial powers to further their politico-economic agenda in India.
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Tese de doutoramento, Estudos de Literatura e de Cultura (Estudos Portugueses), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2011
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1. Nota preliminar
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Telegram from Franco Nogueira, Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs, to the Portuguese Ambassador to the Holy See informing him that the Archive of the Diocese of Macau is located in the Oficinas de São José in Lisbon (Salesian School) and that the Bishop of Macau only retains in Macau the documentation necessary for regular business.
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